Scale development and investigation of self-directed learning readiness in Mathematics among Filipino college students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol13.1.5.2023Keywords:
Factor, mathematics, scale, self-directed learning, FilipinoAbstract
The global shift in higher education brought about by the pandemic has underscored the importance of self-directed learning for academic success, particularly in challenging subjects like mathematics. To assess the self-directed learning readiness in Mathematics among Filipino college students, this study aimed to develop a monitoring instrument that is both structurally valid and reliable. Through an extensive literature review, key indicators relevant to measuring self-directed learning were identified. Subsequently, a 120-item questionnaire was administered to a sample of 326 first-year college students enrolled in Mathematics courses. The data obtained from the questionnaire were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using the Principal Axis Factoring method. This analysis led to the identification of three correlated factors, each consisting of 10 indicators: self-confidence and intelligence, self-monitoring and responsibility, and attitude towards Mathematics learning. These factors collectively explained 56.63% of the observed variation. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed direct associations among the identified factors. Notably, students scored significantly lower in the domain of self-confidence and intelligence. The developed instrument demonstrated both simple structure and excellent reliability. These findings provide valuable insights into the self-directed learning readiness of Filipino college students in the context of Mathematics education and lay the foundation for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing self-directed learning practices and promoting academic achievement in this subject area.
Downloads
References
Arslantas, S., & Kurnaz, A. (2017). The effect of using self-monitoring strategies in social studies course on self-monitoring, self-regulation and academic achievement. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 3(2), 452-463. https://rb.gy/kuqws
Arum, D. P., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Pramudya, I. (2018). Students' logical-mathematical intelligence profile. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1008(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/j8ss
Arup Kundu, & Aditi Ghose. (2016). The relationship between attitude and self efficacy in mathematics among higher secondary students. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(4), 25-31. https://rb.gy/obr04
Ayyildiz, Y., & Tarhan, L. (2015). Development of the self-directed learning skills scale. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 34(6), 663-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2015.1091393
Berkman, E. T., & Reise, S. P. (2012). A conceptual guide to statistics using SPSS. SAGE.
Brown, J. D. (2009). Choosing the right type of rotation in PCA and EFA. Shiken: Japan Association for Language Teaching Testing & Evaluation Special Interest Group, 13(3), 20-25. https://rb.gy/czz4n
Chairil Faif Pasani. (2018). Developing students' responsibility character in mathematics teaching and learning through problem-based learning. In Proceedings of the First Indonesian Communication Forum of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Leaders International Conference on Education 2017 (pp. 609-613). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/j8t3
Christine, H. (2015). Self-paced individualized learning [Master's thesis]. https://rb.gy/4okqa
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
DiGiacomo, G. (2014). Enhancing self-monitoring and self-reflection through a self-regulatory skills intervention embedded in a middle school mathematics curriculum [Doctoral dissertation]. https://rb.gy/ykl2p
English, L. M. (2005). Self-directed learning. In International Encyclopedia of Adult Education (pp. 565-609). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/j8sz
Fisher, M., King, J., & Tague, G. (2001). Development of a self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 21(7), 516-525. https://doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2001.0589
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Guglielmino and Associates. (n.d.). Learning Preference Assessment. https://rb.gy/8ymrv
Gunduz, G. F., & Selvi, K. (2016). Developing a "Self-directed learning preparation skills scale for primary school students": Validity and reliability analyses. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(10), 2317-2334. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.041011
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research: Common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393-416. https://doi.org/b4hk6s
Hetzel, R. D. (1996). A primer on factor analysis with comments on patterns of practice and reporting. In B. Thompson (Ed.), Advances in Social Science Methodology (4th ed., pp. 175-206). JAI Press.
Hoban, J. D., Lawson, S. R., Mazmanian, P. E., Best, A. M., & Seibel, H. R. (2005). The self-directed learning readiness scale: A factor analysis study. Medical Education, 39(4), 370-379. https://doi.org/ctvhqf
Hwang, S., & Son, T. (2021). Students’ attitude toward mathematics and its relationship with mathematics achievement. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 8(3), 272-280. https://doi.org/j8tb
Laranang, J. A. I., & Bondoc, J. M. F. (2020). Attitudes and self-efficacy of students toward mathematics. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(5), 1392-1423. https://doi.org/j826
Izzata Maghfirah, & Osly Usman. (2021). The influence of self-confidence, mathematic logical intelligence, student learning independence on student learning outcomes. SSRN, 1-35. https://doi.org/j8tz
Jakobsen, S. V. (2001). Using self-monitoring to increase the academic responsibility of eighth grade mainstreamed students [Master's thesis]. https://rb.gy/42wjp
Khaled Alotaibi, & Sultan Alanazi. (2020). The influences of conceptions of mathematics and self-directed learning skills on university students' achievement in mathematics. European Journal of Education, 56(1), 117-132. https://doi.org/j8md
Khiat, H. (2015). Measuring self-directed learning: A diagnostic tool for adult learners. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 12(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/j8t6
Kleden, M. A. (2015). Analysis of self-directed learning upon student of mathematics education study program. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(20), 1-6. https://rb.gy/3x211
Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. New York: Association Press.
Kunnathodi Abdul Gafoor, & Abidha Kurukkan. (2015, August). Why high school students feel mathematics difficult? An exploration of affective beliefs [Conference session]. Pedagogy of Teacher Education: Trends and Challenges, Farook Training College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18880.12800
Kunny Kunhertanti, & Rusgianto Heri Santosa. (2018). The influence of students’ self confidence on mathematics learning achievement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1097, 1-6. https://doi.org/j8tc
Laine, S., Myllymaki, M., & Hakala, I. (2021). Raising awareness of students’ self-directed learning readiness [Paper presentation]. 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, University of Jyvaskyla. https://doi.org/j8tw
Langat, A. C. (2015). Students' attitudes and their effects on learning and achievement in mathematics: A case study of public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya [Master's thesis]. https://rb.gy/k1cme
Lim, Y. X., Abu Bakar Razali, & Arshad Abd Samad. (2018). Self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) among foundation students from high and low proficiency levels to learn English language. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 55-81. https://doi.org/j83h
Long, H. B., & Agyekum, S. K. (1983). Guglielmino's self-directed learning readiness scale: A validation study. Higher Education, 12(1), 77-87. https://rb.gy/tg9q2
Meng, L. N., Zhang, X. H., Lei, M. J., Liu, Y. Q., Liu, T. T., & Jin, C. D. (2019). Relationship between self-directed learning readiness, learning attitude, and self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates. Frontiers of Nursing, 6(4), 341-348. https://doi.org/j8t2
Moenikia, M., & Adel Zahed-Babelan. (2010). A study of simple and multiple relations between mathematics attitude, academic motivation and intelligence quotient with mathematics achievement. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1537-1542. https://doi.org/bsrrjv
Nicolaidou, M., & Philippou, G. (2003). Attitudes towards mathematics, self-efficacy and achievement in problem-solving. European research in Mathematics Education III, 1-11.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Peter, E. E. (2011). Mathematics: Indispensable tool for successful and balance human existence on this planet. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(5), 449-456.
Peteros, E., Columna, D., Etcuban, J. O., Almerino, Jr, P., & Almerino, J. G. (2019). Attitude and academic achievement of high school students in mathematics under the conditional cash transfer program. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(3), 583-597. https://doi.org/j8t5
Prabjanee, D., & Inthachot, M. (2013). Self-directed learning readiness of college students in Thailand. Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 2(1), 1-11. https://rb.gy/dp9df
Renales Repuya, C., & Sumalinog Repuya, G. (2018). Self-efficacy and attitude towards mathematics: It's implication to mathematics learning. Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 55-70. https://doi.org/j83f
Saeid, N., & Eslaminejad, T. (2017). Relationship between student’s self-directed-learning readiness and academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation in students. International Education Studies, 10(1), 225-232. https://doi.org/ggmr9q
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.
Watkins, M. W. (2018). Exploratory factor analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 44(3), 219-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798418771807
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Januard Denola Dagdag, Nicole A. Calimag
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
