Pengaruh persepsi visual dan koordinasi motor terhadap penguasaan kemahiran visual-motor kanak-kanak prasekolah
The Influence of Visual Perception and Motor Coordination on Visual-Motor Integration Skills in Preschool Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jpak.vol11.1.4.2022Keywords:
integrasi visual-motor, persepsi penglihatan, koordinasi motor, kanak-kanak prasekolahAbstract
Kemahiran integrasi visual-motor (VMI) berkait rapat dengan kemahiran menulis dan membaca seseorang kanak-kanak. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak diketahui sejauh mana kemahiran persepsi visual dan koordinasi motor mempengaruhi kemahiran VMI mereka. Objektif kajian keratan rentas ini adalah untuk mengukur dan menentukan hubungan di antara kemahiran VMI dengan skor persepsi visual dan skor koordinasi motor bagi satu sampel kanak-kanak prasekolah. Seramai 62 orang kanak-kanak berbangsa Melayu daripada Tadika KEMAS sekitar Kuala Lumpur (min umur 5.48±0.50 tahun) telah menyertai kajian ini. Skor VMI, persepsi visual dan koordinasi motor mereka diukur menggunakan ujian Beery-VMI edisi keenam dan dibandingkan dengan skor standard Amerika Syarikat (AS) (100±15) menggunakan ujian t satu sampel. Hubungan di antara ketiga-tiga skor ini ditentukan menggunakan ujian regresi berganda. Min skor VMI, persepsi visual, dan koordinasi motor adalah masing-masing 99.53±9.26, 101.74±13.40 dan 121.52±13.03. Skor VMI dan persepsi penglihatan sampel kajian tidak berbeza secara signifikan dengan skor standard AS (semua p>0.05). Skor koordinasi motor pula adalah lebih tinggi dan signifikan berbanding skor standard AS (t(61) = 12.90, p < 0.001). Model regresi linear berganda menjelaskan 18.8% varians dan dapat meramalkan skor VMI dengan signifikan [F(2,8)=6.70, p=0.002]. Skor koordinasi motor menyumbang secara signifikan kepada model ini (B=0.24, p=0.007) tetapi skor persepsi visual tidak menyumbang secara signifikan (B=0.15, p=0.087). Kesimpulannya, kanak-kanak prasekolah di Malaysia mempunyai kemahiran VMI dan kemahiran persepsi visual yang setara dengan skor standard AS. Skor koordinasi motor mereka pula adalah melebihi skor standard ini. Kemahiran VMI perlu diasah sebaiknya dari peringkat prasekolah memandangkan ia berkait dengan kemahiran menulis seterusnya mempengaruhi pencapaian akademik kanak-kanak.
Visual-motor integration (VMI) skills are related to a child’s ability to write and read. However, the relationship between a child’s VMI skills and visual perception and motor coordination remains unexplored. The study’s objective was to measure and determine the relationship between VMI and visual perception and motor coordination in a sample of preschool children. Sixty-two Malay Children (mean age: 5.48±0.50 years) enrolled in KEMAS preschools around Kuala Lumpur participated in this study. VMI, visual perception and motor coordination scores were measured using the Beery-VMI (6th edition). These scores were compared with the corresponding US norms using the one-sample t-test. The relationship between VMI and visual perception and motor coordination scores were determined using multiple regression analysis. The mean scores for VMI, visual perception, and motor coordination were 99.53±9.26, 101.74±13.40, and 121.52±13.03, respectively. There were no significant differences for VMI and visual perception scores between the study sample and the US norms (all p>0.05). The sample’s motor coordination score was significantly higher than the US norms (t(61) = 12.90, p < 0.001). The multiple regression model explained 18.8% variance and could predict the VMI score significantly [F(2,8)=6.70, p=0.002]. The motor coordination score significantly contributed to this model (B=0.24, p=0.007), but the visual perception score did not (B=0.15, p=0.087). In conclusion, Malaysian preschool children’s VMI and visual perception skills are similar to the US norms. Their motor coordination skills are significantly higher. VMI skills should be honed for all preschoolers as they contribute to handwriting skills and future academic achievements.
Keywords: visual-motor integration, visual perception, motor coordination, preschool children
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