Pembangunan dan kebolehgunaan modul pengajaran berasaskan game board dalam pembelajaran operasi nombor kanak-kanak prasekolah

Development and usability of a teaching module based on board game in the learning of numeric operation among preschoolers

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan membina dan menilai kebolehgunaan modul pengajaran berasaskan game board (GB) dalam pembelajaran operasi nombor kanak-kanak prasekolah.  Pembinaan modul ini menggunakan pendekatan model ASSURE dan telah melalui proses pengesahan. Rekabentuk kajian ini adalah berbentuk kombinasi dengan pendekatan kualitatif melibatkan pembinaan modul GB dan kuantitatif bagi pengujian kesahan dan kebolehgunaan modul. Kajian eksperimen secara rawak, ujian pra dan ujian pos bertujuan menguji aspek kebolehgunaan modul ke atas pencapaian kanak-kanak dalam operasi nombor. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk; (i) membangunkan modul pengajaran berasaskan game board dalam pembelajaran operasi nombor kanak-kanak prasekolah, (ii) melihat kebolehgunaan modul pengajaran berasaskan game board bagi pembelajaran operasi nombor kanak-kanak prasekolah. Sampel kajian melibatkan empat orang kanak-kanak berumur 6 tahun dan temu bual bersama seorang guru di sebuah tadika di Ipoh, Perak. Dua jenis instrumen kajian iaitu modul GB melibatkan permainan game goose, snake and ladders, dan saidina kids dan ujian pencapaian Pra dan Pos telah dibina untuk tujuan kajian. Data telah diperolehi melalui senarai semak, pemerhatian, temu bual, dan analisis dokumen melalui pencapaian murid dalam ujian pra dan ujian pos. Kesahan kandungan modul dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen juga telah dibuat menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Kesahan mencapai purata keseluruhan sebanyak 88.1 peratus. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan modul game board membantu guru mengaplikasi pendekatan permainan dengan berkesan. Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan kesan positif terhadap pengetahuan pedagogi guru prasekolah. Guru dapat memantapkan amalan pedagogi berpusatkan murid serta menggalakkan murid berinteraksi secara positif. Guru juga telah menguasai kemahiran menyoal, membimbing, menggunakan teknologi, serta mengurus aktiviti murid. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pengaplikasian pendekatan modul GB dapat menggalakkan murid menguasai kemahiran berkomunikasi seperti melibatkan diri secara aktif dalam kumpulan, bekerjasama, saling membantu ketika meneroka untuk mendapatkan maklumat, mengikut peraturan, yakin dan berani untuk membuat keputusan. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan murid telah menguasai beberapa kemahiran Standard kandungan yang ditekankan dalam kajian ini ialah, MA 3.1 menyelesaikan masalah operasi tambah dalam lingkungan 18, MA 3.1.3 menyatakan hasil tambah dengan membilang terus suatu nombor, dan MA 3.1.6 Menyelesaikan masalah operasi tambah. Pembelajaran melalui pendekatan permainan GB juga membolehkan kanak-kanak menyatakan baki apabila sesuatu objek dikeluarkan dari satu himpunan, menggunakan objek konkrit dan kanak-kanak boleh menyelesaikan masalah operasi tolak dalam lingkungan 18.

(This study aims to develop and evaluate the usability of game board-based teaching modules (GB) in the teaching and learning of number operation among preschoolers. The development process of this module employs the ASSURE Model approach and has undergone a validation process. The design of this study is a combination with the qualitative approach involving the development process of GB Module and the quantitative approach in testing the validity and usability of the module. Randomized experimental studies, pre and post tests are used to assess the module usability on the performance of children in number operation. The objectives of this study are to; (i) develop a game board-based teaching module in the learning of the number operation among preschoolers, (ii) observe the usability of the game board-based teaching module for the learning of the number operation among preschoolers. The samples involved were four children aged 6 years old and interview sessions with a teacher at a kindergarten in Ipoh, Perak. Two types of research instruments namely the GB module that includes goose games, snake and ladders, and saidina kids and pre and Post achievement tests were built for the purpose of the study. Data has been obtained through checklists, observations, interviews, and document analysis through students’ achievements in pre and post tests. The validity of the contents of the module and the reliability of the instrument was also conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The validity was attained at the total average of 88.1%.  Findings of the study show that the use of the game board-based teaching modules (GB) help the teacher to implement the game approach effectively.  The findings of the study also indicated a positive effect on the pedagogical knowledge of preschool teachers. Teachers were able to enhance the student centred pedagogical practice and encourage students to interact positively. Teachers had also mastered the skills of enquiry, guiding, technology adoption and student activity management. Outcome of the study also uncovered that the application of the game board-based teaching modules (GB) encourages students to acquire the communication skills such as active involvement in groups, cooperation, helping each other in seeking information, adhering to rules, having confidence and assertive in decision making.  The result of the test implies that students have mastered several standardized skills. The contents emphasized in this study namely, MA 3.1 solving the addition operation around 18, MA 3.1.3 stating the sum of addition by directly calculating the number, and MA 3.1.6 solving the problem of addition operation. Learning through the approach of the game board-based teaching modules (GB) also enables children to determine the balance when an object is removed from a group, using concrete objects and solving subtract operation around 18.)