Exploring Filipino kindergartens’ perspective on disasters: A descriptive case study

Authors

  • Liza Cordero Legaspino Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines
  • Leonora Parungao Varela Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol12.1.3.2023

Keywords:

kindergarten, children’s perspectives, disasters, early childhood education

Abstract

Disasters continue to have adverse effects around the globe leaving many lives susceptible to hazards and fatalities most especially children. The Philippines, known to be one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, experiences earthquakes, typhoons, and flooding yearly. For the reason of the country’s vulnerability to disasters, it is expected that both adults and children can demonstrate preparedness to such disasters.  Hence, in order to improve the disaster preparedness of kindergarten pupils, we must begin looking at their perspectives before conceptualizing kindergarten lessons about disasters. This study focused on Filipino Kindergarten’s perspectives on disasters. This study sought to; (i) describe children’s perspectives on disasters; and (ii) determine significant concepts that can be used for School Disaster Risk Reduction Management specifically for kindergarten. The cases were kindergarten pupils from different public schools residing in Metro Manila. There were nine (9) cases, three Kindergartens per specific type of disaster experienced, whether earthquake, flooding, or typhoon. Based on the findings of the study, children have perspectives to which their capacity to express their knowledge, feelings, plans, actions on disasters are manifested. Children also have the competence to think of other’s welfare in the event of disasters and are interested to learn more about disasters as they have suggested ways in which they can enjoy learning about Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agbon, A. B. D., Anzano, C. G., Sajise, A. J. U., Ramirez, P. J. R., & Zamora, G. J. (2017). Intra-household impacts of climate change hazards and autonomous adaptation: Evidence from Bohol, Philippines. In WorldFish (ICLARM)-Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/handle/20.500.12348/633

Aja, S. N., Eze, P. I., Igba, D. I., Igba, E. C., Nwafor, C. C., & Nnamani, S. C. (2017). Using multi-sensory instruction in managing classroom for effective teaching and learning. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(24), 15112–15118.

Alcayna-Stevens, T. (2015). Slum socio-ecology: An exploratory characterisation of vulnerability to climate-change related disasters in the urban context (Issue July). Harvard University.

Ballesteros, M. M. (2010). Linking poverty and the environment: Evidence from Slums in Philippine Cities. PIDS Discussion Paper Series, 2010–33.

Berse, K. (2017). Climate change from the lens of Malolos children: Perception, impact and adaptation. Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2016-0214

Bollettino, V., Alcayna, T., Enriquez, K., & Vinck, P. (2018). Perceptions of disaster resilience and preparedness in the Philippines (Issue June).

Cambridge Assessment International Education. (2019). Active learning. In Cambridge International (Issue 0).

Camua, H., Mallari, J. S., & Browder-Long, E. (2016). “Its our school”: Children’s views on the use of schools as evacuation centers. Save the Children Philippines. https://www.savethechildren.org.ph/__resources/webdata/file/downloadables/1179_SavetheChildren_Rolly_OneMonthOn-FINAL.pdf

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA). (2016). ASEAN Common Framework for Comprehensive School Safety (Issue June).

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA). (2018). Philippines: Disaster Management Reference Handbook. http://reliefweb.int/map/chile/chilelocation-map-2013

Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). (2019). Natural Disasters 2018.

Children’s Charter, 1. (2013). https://www.unicef.org/french/policyanalysis/files/children_charter.pdf

CNN Philippines. (2019). Death toll in Luzon quake rises to 8. http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/4/22/earthquake-Zambales-Metro-Manila-April-22-2019.html

Community-Based Monitoring System International Network. (2017). The many faces of poverty. In De La Salle University Publishing House (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design (4th ed.). SAGE Publishing, Inc.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publishing Ltd.

de la Cruz, G., Mendoza, G., & Manuel, W. (2015). What dangers await when the West Valley Fault moves? Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/knowledge-base/93746-maps-west-valley-fault-earthquake-scenarios

Department of Education Philippines - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd - BLR). (2017). Kindergarten teacher ’ s guide.

Department of Education Philippines (DepED). (2008). Disaster risk reduction resource manual.

DEPEd, D. of E. P. (2015). School Disaster risk reduction and management manual. http://depedbohol.org/v2/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/DRRM-Manual_Booklet-1_Final-1.pdf

DEPEd, D. of E. P. (2019). Observance of the 2019 national disaster resilience month DO No. 084 s. 2019.

Early Childhood Care and Development. (2010). National Early learning framework (p. 18).

Fawcett, A. (2012). Climate extreme: How young people can respond to disasters in a changing world. In Plan International.

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). (2019). GFDRR - Philippines. Global facility for disaster reduction and recovery. https://www.gfdrr.org/en/philippines

Government of the Philippines. (2011). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan ( NDRRMP ). 70. https://doi.org/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Signed_NDRRMP.pdf

Hardman, J. (2017). Guided co-construction in classroom talk. Discourse and Education, January 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02243-7

Harwood, S., Haynes, K., Bird, D., & Govan, J. (2014). Children ’s Perceptions and adaptive behaviours in response to seasonal change and extreme weather in Broome, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 29(January).

Heintze, H. J., Kirch, L., Kuppers, B., Mann, H., Mischo, F., Mucke, P., Pazdriernt, T., Prutz, R., Radtke, K., Strube, F., & Weller, D. (2018). World risk report 2018 focus: Child protection and children’s rights. https://doi.org/10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2009.09.004

Hoffmann, R., & Muttarak, R. (2017). Learn from the past, prepare for the future: Impacts of Education and experience on disaster preparedness in the Philippines and Thailand. World Development, 96, 32–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.016

Hore, K., Gaillard, J., Johnston, D., & Ronan, K. (2018). Child-centered risk reduction research-into-action brief: child-centered disaster risk reduction. Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction & Resiliance in the Education Sector, 1–9.

Index For Risk Management (INFORM). (2019). Risk profile form (Issue 407). http://www.inform-index.org/Portals/0/Inform/2019/country_profiles/PHL.pdf

Ireland, S. (2016). Education disrupted: Disaster impacts on education in the Asia Pacific region in 2015.

Johnson, V. A. (2014). Evaluating disaster education programs for children. Massey University.

Kafle, S. K. (2017). Disaster risk management systems in South Asia: Natural hazards, vulnerability, disaster risk and legislative and institutional frameworks geography & natural disasters. Jouranal of Geography & Natural Disasters, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000207

King, T. A., & Tarrant, R. A. C. (2013). Children’s knowledge, cognitions and emotions surrounding natural disasters: An investigation ofyear 5 students, Wellington, New Zealand. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2013(1), 17–26.

Kousky, C. (2016). Impacts of natural disasters on children. Future of Children, 26(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2016.0004

Kubicek, K., Ramirez, M., Limbos, M. A., & Iverson, E. (2008). Knowledge and behaviors of parents in planning for and dealing with emergencies. Journal of Community Health, 33(3), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-007-9078-0

Lansdown, G. (2011). Every child’s right to be heard. In Save the Children UNICEF (Issue 12). http://www.unicef.org/files/Every_Childs_Right_to_be_Heard.pdf

Lawler, J., & United Nations Internation Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2011). Children’s Vulnerability to climate change and disaster impacts in East Asia and the Pacific. http://www.unicef.org/media/files/Climate_Change_Regional_Report_14_Nov_final.pdf

Lopez, Y., Hayden, J., Cologon, K., & Hadley, F. (2012). Child participation and disaster risk reduction. International Journal of Early Years Education, 20(3), 300–309.

Macblain, S., Dunn, J., & Luke, I. (2017). Contemporary childhood. SAGE Publishing Ltd.

Maloney, M., & Save the Children. (2014). See me, ask me, hear me: Children’s recommendations for recovery three months after Typhoon Haiyan. http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/See_me_ask_me_hear_me.pdf

Masum, M., & Ali Akbar, M. (2019). The Pacific ring of fire is working as a home country of geothermal resources in the world. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 249(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/249/1/012020

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Mukherji, P., & Albon, D. (2018). Research methods in early childhood: An introductory guide (3rd ed.). SAGE Publishing Ltd.

Mutch, C. (2013). “Sailing through a river of emotions”: Capturing children’s earthquake stories. Disaster Prevention and Management, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2013-0174

Nace, T. (2019). Deadly M 6.6 earthquake strikes the Philippines near Mindanao. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2019/10/29/deadly-m-66-earthquake-strikes-the-philippines-near-mindanao/#a580dae72ecd

National Children’s Bureau, N. (2010). Let’s listen: Young children’s voices - profiling and planning to enable their participation in children’s services. Young Children’s Voices Network, 123–132.

National Children’s Bureau, N. (2016). Ready to listen: Why, when and how to involve young children and their families in local decisions about health and wellbeing (Issue October). https://www.ncb.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/attachment/Ready to listen 2016.pdf

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). (2017). Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. In National Economic and Development Authority. https://doi.org/10 July 2012

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), & United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2018). Situation analysis of children in the Philippines. https://www.unicef.org/philippines/UNICEFSituationAnalysisSummary.pdf

Nilsson, S., Björkman, B., Almqvist, A. L., Almqvist, L., Björk-Willén, P., Donohue, D., Enskär, K., Granlund, M., Huus, K., & Hvit, S. (2015a). Children’s voices-differentiating a child perspective from a child’s perspective. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 18(3), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2013.801529

Nilsson, S., Björkman, B., Almqvist, A. L., Almqvist, L., Björk-Willén, P., Donohue, D., Enskär, K., Granlund, M., Huus, K., & Hvit, S. (2015b). Children’s voices-differentiating a child perspective from a child’s perspective. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 18(3), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2013.801529

Nlandu Roger Ngatu, Justina Maria Regina-Estuar, Sakiko Kanbara, John Owen Ilagan, John Noel Victorino, Jhoanna Isla, Megumi Nishikawa, Miho Morosawa, Yoko Nakayama, & Sayumi Nojima. (2015). Rainstorm and flood disasters: Case study of Shelter Management by Manila Municipal DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction) Teams during Tropical Storm “Mario” (Fung Wong) in 2014. Journal of US-China Medical Science, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6648/2015.02.005

Norozi, S. A., & Moen, T. (2016). Childhood as a social construction. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6(2), 37–38. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n2p75

Pailoplee, S., & Boonchaluay, N. (2016). Earthquake activities in the Philippines Islands and the adjacent areas. Geosciences Journal, 20(6), 877–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0017-x

Pekdoğan, S., & Kanak, M. (2016). A qualitative research on active learning practices in pre-school education. 4(9), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i9.1713

Pellier, A. S., Wells, J. A., Abram, N. K., Gaveau, D., & Meijaard, E. (2014). Through the eyes of children: Perceptions of environmental change in tropical forests. PLoS ONE, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103005

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). (n.d.). Tropical cyclone information. http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/climate/tropical-cyclone-information

Phillippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology - Department of Science and Tecnology (PHIVOLCS-DOST). (n.d.). Destructive earthquakes in the Philippines. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/destructive-earthquake-of-the-philippines/17-earthquake

Phillippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology - Department of Science and Tecnology (PHIVOLCS-DOST). (2019). Earthquake information. Phivolcs-Dost. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-information3

Ponizovsky-Bergelson, Y., Dayan, Y., Wahle, N., & Roer-Strier, D. (2019). A qualitative interview with young children: What encourages or inhibits young children’s participation? International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919840516

RA 10157 Kindergarten Education Act, (2012).

Rosengard, J. K., & Jefferson, T. (2019). Philippines case study: Urban disaster response. Property Tax Reform in Developing Countries, 53–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5667-1_3

Rusydy, I., Faustino-Eslava, D. V., Muksin, U., Gallardo-Zafra, R., Aguirre, J. J. C., Bantayan, N. C., Alam, L., & Dakey, S. (2017). Building vulnerability and human loss assessment in different earthquake intensity and time: A case study of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (UPLB) Campus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/56/1/012006

Salazar, L. . (2015). Typhoon Yolanda: The politics of disaster response and management. Southeast Asian Affairs, 2015(1), 277–301. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506200710779521

Sato, T., & Nakasu, T. (2011). 2009 Typhoon Ondoy Flood Disaster In Metro Manila. Natural Disaster Research Report of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, March. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2817.5121

Seballos, F., & Tanner, T. (2011). Enabling Child-Centred Agency in Disaster Risk Reduction Fran Seballos and Thomas Tanner 2011 (Issue July).

Shaw, R., Takeuchi, Y., Fernandez, G., Walde, A. X., & Caro, A. R. (2010). Metro Manila City profile climate and disaster resilience.

Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology (SEAMEO InnoTech). (2014). Toolkit for building disaster-resilient school communities in Southeast Asia.

Stafford, B., Schonfeld, D., Keselman, L., & Ventevogel, P. (2014). The emotional impact of disaster on children and families. Pediatric Education on Disasters Manual.

Standards and Competencies for five-year-old Filipino children K to 12 basic education curriculum K to 12 kindergarten curriculum guide. (2016). http://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Kinder-CG_0.pdf

Strobl, E. (2019). The impact of typhoons on economic activity in the Philippines: Evidence from nightlight intensity. ADB Economics Working Paper Series, 589.

Tay-Lim, J., & Lim, S. (2013). Privileging younger children’s voices in research: Use of drawings and a co-construction process. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 12(1), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691301200135

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2012). Children’s Action for disaster risk reduction: Views from children in Asia. http://www.unisdr.org/files/29304_bookunisdrfinishweb.pdf

The World Bank. (2010). Climate risks and adaptation in Asian Coastal megacities.

Thulin, S., & Jonsson, A. (2014). Child perspectives and children’s perspectives – A concern for teachers in preschool. EDUCARE, 2, 13–37.

UNICEF. (2012a). Overview of child rights in development cooperation.

UNICEF. (2012b). UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in child friendly language. Article 40, 54. http://www.unicef.org/rightsite/files/uncrcchilldfriendlylanguage.pdf

UNICEF. (2016). UNICEF’s written submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child for the Day of General Discussion on ‘ Children s Rights and the Environment’, 23 September 2016 (Issue September).

UNICEF, & UNISDR, U. N. O. of D. R. R. (2011). Children and disasters: Building resilience through education.

UNISDR. (2017). Comprehensive school safety(Issue March).

United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, & (UN-ESCAP). (2019). The disaster riskscape across Asia-Pacific: Pathways for resilience, inclusion and empowerment. https://www.unescap.org/publications/asia-pacific-disaster-report-2019.

United Nations General Assembly. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989. Annual Review of Population Law, 16(September), 15.

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2019). For every child, every right.

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). (2009). United Nations International Strategy for Disaster reduction terminology on disasterrisk reduction. In United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (p. 31). https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n005.p003

Varela, L. (2016). Development of a Guidance Model on Personal and Social Competence for Kindergarten Pupils. The Normal Lights, 10(2), 65–88. http://po.pnuresearchportal.org/ejournal/index.php/normallights/article/viewFile/254/155

World Bank. (2013). Getting a grip... On climate change in the Philippines executive report. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005546

World Data Info. (n.d.). Earthquakes in the Philippines since 1950. https://www.worlddata.info/asia/philippines/earthquakes.php

Downloads

Published

2023-04-11

How to Cite

Legaspino, L. C., & Varela, L. P. (2023). Exploring Filipino kindergartens’ perspective on disasters: A descriptive case study . Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 12(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol12.1.3.2023