Kajian Justifikasi dan PengkategorianTanggungjawab terhadap Kehendak ManusiaMenurut Perspektif Islam dan Barat

A Study on the Justification and Categorizationof Responsibility Towards Human Will According to Islamand Western Perspectives

Abstract

This study focuses on the relationship between human will and responsibilities. This issue is closely related to free will and human choice that is widely discussed by western academics and philosophers whether to accept the theory of determinism or indeterminism since human will must have its meaning and bear responsibility. The debate is actually of Islamic classical view adapted from the discussions between Muktazilah and al-Ashairah. The aim of this study is to understand the concept of will from Islamic as well as western perspectives and to identify the extent of the relationship between will and responsibility to man. The methodology of this study is library research using classical as well as current materials. Inductive method was utilized in order to understand the concepts of will and deductive method was used to affix the meanings of will to bearing responsibility or otherwise categories. Results of this study showed a number of concepts related to will. Some concepts of will ought to be categorized as bearing responsibility such as the stage of fixed choice; the stage of the desire that already has a permanent will and intention; the stage of strong desire (al-iradah al-jazimah); the stage of will imbued with intelligence (alcaql) and determination (al-cazm). Also there are some concepts of will which do not bear responsibility such as a possibility to make a choice, initiation of desire, lack of intention, inclination or inspiration (al-hamm).