β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) and Its Effects on Hatching Success, Heart Rate and Early Development Stage of Danio Rerio (Zebrafish)

Authors

  • Syakirah Samsudin Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
  • Brian Eddy Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
  • Geoffrey A. Codd College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.

Keywords:

BMAA, Danio rerio (Zebrafish), early development, heart rate, deformities, oedema

Abstract

β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a nonprotein amino acid found naturally in some cyanobacteria and artificial form as chemical product. BMAA is a neurotoxin and once ingested, BMAA can apparently be bound by proteins within the body, resulting in a slow release of free BMAA over years as contaminated proteins is metabolized. This study identified the effects of BMAA on Danio rerio (zebrafish) early development. Hatchingsuccess was not affected by BMAA but later developmental stages of embryos were more sensitive to BMAA than embryonic stage. Higher concentrations of BMAA (500 to 50000 μg L-1) caused increases in the egg diameter, yolk sac length and width, and eye length and width of Danio rerio embryos. All investigated BMAA concentrations increased the larval heart rate during the exposure period. Abnormalities and conditions including oedema, helical body, tail deformities, bend body, flat face, eye deficiency and active performancewere observed as a result of exposure to BMAA

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Author Biographies

Syakirah Samsudin, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia

Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Brian Eddy, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Geoffrey A. Codd, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.

School of Environmental and Applied Biology,
College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.

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Published

2010-06-19

How to Cite

Samsudin, S., Eddy, B., & A. Codd, G. (2010). β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) and Its Effects on Hatching Success, Heart Rate and Early Development Stage of Danio Rerio (Zebrafish). Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 2(1), 1–11. Retrieved from https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JSML/article/view/419