The effects of Flipped Classroom instructions on student’s motivation in Algebraic Component
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol8.2.2.2018Keywords:
Flipped Classroom, Algebraic, MotivationAbstract
The Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE) has suggested usingFlipped Classroom (FC) teaching methodas an innovation inthe teaching of additional mathematics especially in algebra.The suggestion of using FC is very much related to the concept of 21th Century Classroom that emphasizes good communication, collaboration, critical as well as creative thinking. This quasi-experimentalresearchwas carried out to determine the effects of FC on the motivation of students taking additional mathematics.Treatment group (n = 36) was treated with FC methods, whereas control group (n = 34) received conventional methods of learning additional mathematics.To control the difference in dependent variables, a pre-test was given before the experiment started.After nine weeks of treatment, bothgroups were given a post-test.The motivational questionaire on additional mathematics was used as a tool to collect the data.In determining the differenceof databetweentreatment and control groups, thepre- andpost tests data were analyzed using multivariateanalysis ofvariance (MANOVA)followed by univariate analysis of variance(ANOVA).The findings from ANOVA analysis reveal that overall there was a difference between thetreatment and control groupsfor motivation.MANOVA analysis confirmsmore significant differences on motivational subscales namely on attention, relevance, level of confidence and satisfaction between these twogroups.In general, the impact was very substantial and gave a strong indication that the treatment was very meaningful.Therefore, this research has given a newandideal way of teaching additional mathematics to school administrators, subject teachers and students byengagingthe use ofalternativedynamic geometric softwares that are of the same quality as the ones supplied by MoE.
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References
Abeysekera, L., & Dawson, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research and Development, 34 (1), 1-14.
Acar, Ö., Türkmen, L. & Bilgin, A. (2015). Examination of Gender Differences on Cognitive and Motivational Factors that Influence 8thGraders› Science Achievement in Turkey, Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11 (5), 1027-1040.
Alessi, S and Trollip, S. (2001) Multimedia for Learning; Methods and develop ment. Third Edition Pearson Education. USA: 407-436
Asmawati Desa (2002). Psychology For Professional Groups. National University of Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Ayob, A. (2012). How to Increase Students’ Interest in Science and Mathematics. Sultan Idris Education University.
Bergmann, J., and Sams, A. (2009). Remixing chemistry class: Two Colorado teachers make vodcast of their lectures to free up class time for hands-on activities. Learning and Leading with Technology, (December 2008), 22-27.
Bergmann, J. & Sams, A. (2012). Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. Washington, DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
Bernard, JS (2015). The flipped classroom: fertile ground for nursing education research. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12 (1), 99109.
Baker, W. (2000). The “Classroom Flip”: Using Web Course Management Tools Too Become The Guide By The Side.
Betihavas, V., Bridgman, H., Kornhaber, R., & Cross, M. (2016). The evidence for ‹flipping out›: a systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 38, 15-21.
Bixler, B. 2006. Motivation and its Relationship to the Design of Educational Games. Paper presented at the Summer Conf.
Cano, EM, Ruiz, JG & Garcia, IA (2013). Integrating a Learning Constructionist Environment and the Instructional Design Approach into the Definition of a Basic Course for Em Embedded Systems Design. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 23 (1), 36-53.
Chen, LL (2016). Impacts of flipped classroom in high school health education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 44 (4), 411-420.
Chris Tisdell & Birgit Loch, 2017, How useful are closed captions for learning mathematics via online video?, Journal of Mathematical Education in Science 2017 - Volume 48, 2017 - Issue 2.
Choi, SY; L ee, H; and Yoo, Y. (2010). «The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study, » MIS Quarterly, (34: 4) pp.855-870.
Chua, JSM, & Lateef, FA (2014). The flipped classroom: viewpoints in Asian universities. Education in Medicine Journal, 6 (4), 20-26.
Davies, RS, Dean, DL, & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional. Integration in a College-Level Information Systems Spreadsheet Course. Education Technology Research and Development, 61, 563-580.
DeLozier, SJ, & Rhodes, MG (2016). Flipped classrooms: a review of key ideas and recommendations for practice. Educational Psychology Review, 1-11.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-015-9356-9.
Fatin Aliah Phang, Mohd Salleh Abu & Mohammad Bilal Ali (2014). Contributing factors to the deterioration of students’ participation in the Science Stream: An Analysis of Thesis Highlights. eprints.utm.my/en/eprint/28550/1/19.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/59753/1/fatinAliah2014_factorpleafmemoryresistence.pdf
Edy Hafizan Mohd Shahali, Lilia Halim, Mohamad Sattar Rasul, Kamisah Othman & Mohd Afendi Zulkifeli. (2017). STEM Learning through Engineering Design: Impact on Middle Secondary Student›s Interest towards STEM. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education. ISSN: 1305-8223 (online) 1305-8215 (print) 2017 13 (5): 1189-1211
DOI http://10.12973/eurasia.2017.00667.
Effandi Zakaria, Ibrahim & Siti Mistima. 2010. Analysis of Students’ Error in Learning of. Quadratic Equations. Inter Ed Stud, 3 (3): 105-110
Engin, M. (2014). Extending the flipped classroom model: developing second language writing skills through studentcreated digital videos. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14 (5), 12-26.
Fabris (2015). Videos Find Their Place In and Out of the Classroom.Chronicle of Higher Education. 17 March 2015.Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/videosfind-their-place-in-and-out-f-theclassroom/56113?Cid=wc&utm_source=wc&utm_medium=en.
Freeman, S., Eddy, S., McDonough, M., Smith, M., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111 (23), 8410-8415. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
Gabrielle, D. NM. (2005). The effects of technology-mediated instructional strategies on motivation, performance and self-directed learning. Doctor dissertation, Florida State University.
Galway, LP . , Corbett , KK, Takaro, TT . ,, Tairyan, K . , and Frank, E. (2014). A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health higher education. BMC Medical Education 2014, 14: 181 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/14/181.
Greenberg AD, & Zanetis, MA (2012). «The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education, « Ainhouse Research, CISCO, 2012.
Huang, YN, & Hong, ZR (2016). The effects of a flipped English classroom intervention on students’ information and communication technology and English reading comprehension. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64 (2), 175-193.
Jackson, SL 2003. Research methods ad statistics: A critical thinking approach. USA:
Wadsworth / Thomson Learning
Jensen, JL, Kummer, TA, & Godoy, PDDM (2015). Improvements from a flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 14 (1), article 5.
Jones, K., Lavicza, Z., Hohenwarter, M., Lu, A., Dawes, M., Parish, A. and Borcherds, M. 2009. Establishing a professional development network to support teachers using dynamic mathematicssoftware GeoGebra. Proceedings of the British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics, 29 (1), 97-102.
Kamariah Abu Bakar, Rohani Ahmad Ahmad Tarmizi, Rahil Mahyuddin, Habibah Elias, Wong Su Luan, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub. 2010a. Relationship between university student’s achievement motivation, attitude and academic performance in Malaysia. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science 2 (2010). pp 4906-4910
Kamariah Abu Bakar, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Rohani Ahmad Tarmizi .2010b. Utilization of Computer Technology in Learning Transformation. International Journal Of education and Information Technologies .2 (4).: 91-99
Malaysia Education Ministry. (2003). Integrated High School Curriculum: Descriptions of Form Mathematics Additional Mathematics Form IV. Curriculum Development Center, Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Malaysia Education Ministry. (2013). Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013-2025).
Katz & Barton, VJ, & Barton, B. (2007). Stages in the history of algebra with implications for teaching. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 66 (2), 185-201.
Keller, JM 1987. Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Performance and Instruction, 26 (9): 1-8.
Kim, MK, Kim, SM, Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: an exploration of design principles. Internet & Higher Education, 2 2, 37-50.
Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Kong, SC (2014). Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: an experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy. Computers & Education, 78, 160-173.
Lage, MJ, Platt, GJ, Treglia, M., and Lage, J. (2000). Inverting the Classroom: A Gateway to Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment, 31 (1), 30-43.
Lancaster & Stillman (2003). When Generations Collide: Who They Are. Why They Clash. How to Solve The Generational Puzzle at Work. Harper Collins.
Lowell, J., Utah, B., Verleger, MA, and Beach, D. (2013). The Flipped Classroom: A Survey of the Research.
Lima, RN and Tall, D. (2006). The concept of equation: what have students met before? Proceedings of the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Prague, Czech Republic, vol. 4, 233-241.
Maushak, N., Lincecum, L. & Martin, L. (2000). Using the Internet to Promote Technology Integration, Higher-order Thinking Skills and Motivation. In D. Willis, J. Price & J. Willis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2000 - Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1499-1504). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved May 8, 2018 from
https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/15857/.
Mc Laughlin JE , Roth MT , Glatt DM , Gharkholonarehe N , Davidson CA , Griffin LM , Esserman DA , Mumper RJ . (2014). The Flipped Classroom: A Course Redesign To Foster Learning And Engagement In A Health Professions
School. Academic Medicine . 89 (2): 236-243, FEB 2014
DOI: http://10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
Mazur, AD, Brown, B., & Jacobsen, M. (2015). Learning designs using flipped classroom instruction. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 41 (2), 1-26.
McCollum, BM, Fleming, CL, Plotnikoff, KM, & Skagen, DN (2017). Relationships in the Flipped Classroom. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8 (3).
https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2017.3.8
Mc Clelland DC, (1978). Managing motivation to expand human freedom. American Psychologist 33 (3): 201-210 ·
DOI: http://10.1037/0003066X.33.3.201.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232577028_Managing_motivation_to_expand_ human_freedom.
McGivney-Burelle, J., & Xue, F. (2013). Flipping calculus. PRIMUS, 23 (5), 477486.
Naime-Diefenbach, B. (1991). Validation of attention and confidence as independent components of the ARCS motivational model. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
http://www.aect.org/pdf/proccedings/2006/06_12.pdf
[20/8/2017].
O›Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: a scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
Pallant.J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS . Sydney: Ligare Book Printer
Paul R. (2013), Understanding The Various Generations - Their Philosophies And Characteristics of Working Papers Presented In The Millenials Seminar: Gen. Y & Z: The New Workforce And The Challeges 21 & 22 October 2013 Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur –
http://globaleventasia.com/event.
Presti, CR (2016). The flipped learning approach in nursing education: a literature review. Journal of Nursing Education, 55 (5), 252-257.
Pongchawee, V. , Nerida FE, & Clements MA ,. (2006). Student’s Attempt to Solve Two Elementary Quadratic Equations: A Study in Three Nation. University of Chiang Mai, University of Illinois.
Rosnaini Mahmud, Mohd Arif Ismail, Lim Ai Kiew. (2010). Development and Evaluation of a CAI Courseware “G-Reflect” on Student’s Achievement and Motivation in Learning Mathemati cs. European Journal of Social Science, 8 (4): 557-568.
Shahhanim Yahya (2012) Between Generation Gaps. FACT www.ippbm.gov.my Issue 1- 2012. Uploaded on March 10, 2015.
Siegle, D. (2013). Differentiating Instruction by Flipping the Classroom, 37 (1), 5156.
doi: http://10.1177/1076217513497579.
Song, SH 1998. The effects of motivationally adaptive computer-assisted instruction developed through the ARCS model in Song SH & Keller JM 2001. Effectiveness of Motivationally Adaptive Computer- Assisted Instruction on the Dynamic Aspects of Motivation. ETR & D, Vol. 49, no. 2.2001, pp. 5-22! SSNl0: 42- 629.
Song SH & Keller JM 2001. Effectiveness of Motivationally Adaptive Computer- Assisted Instruction on the Dynamic Aspects of Motivation. ETR & D, Vol. 49, no. 2.2001, pp. 5-22! SSNl0: 42- 629.
Suzuki, K & Keller, J, (2004), Learner motivation and e-learning design: A multinationally validated process, Journal of Educational Media, Vol 29, No 3, Page (s) 229-239.
Strayer, JF (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15 (2), 171193.
doi: http://10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Taspcott, Don (2008). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. McGraw-Hill.
Ogden, L & Pyzdrowski, LJ & Shambaugh, Neal. (2014). A teaching model for the college algebra flipped classroom. 47-70.
http://10.4018/978-1-4666-4987-3.ch003.
Piaget, J., & Cook, MT (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York, NY: International University Press dlm Mayer, RE (2014). The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Visser, J., and Keller, JM “The Clinical Use of Motivational Messages: An Inquiry into the Validity of the ARCS Model of Motivational Design.” Instructional Science, 1990, 19, 467-500
Vygotsky, LS (1987). Thinking and speech. In RW Rieber & AS Carton (Eds.), The collected works of LS Vygotsky, Volume 1: Problems of general psychology (pp. 39-285). New York: Plenum Press.
Acar, Ö., Türkmen, L. & Bilgin, A. (2015). Examination of Gender Differences on Cognitive and Motivational Factors that Influence 8thGraders› Science Achievement in Turkey, Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11 (5), 1027-1040.
Alessi, S and Trollip, S. (2001) Multimedia for Learning; Methods and develop ment. Third Edition Pearson Education. USA: 407-436
Asmawati Desa (2002). Psychology For Professional Groups. National University of Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Ayob, A. (2012). How to Increase Students’ Interest in Science and Mathematics. Sultan Idris Education University.
Bergmann, J., and Sams, A. (2009). Remixing chemistry class: Two Colorado teachers make vodcast of their lectures to free up class time for hands-on activities. Learning and Leading with Technology, (December 2008), 22-27.
Bergmann, J. & Sams, A. (2012). Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. Washington, DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
Bernard, JS (2015). The flipped classroom: fertile ground for nursing education research. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12 (1), 99109.
Baker, W. (2000). The “Classroom Flip”: Using Web Course Management Tools Too Become The Guide By The Side.
Betihavas, V., Bridgman, H., Kornhaber, R., & Cross, M. (2016). The evidence for ‹flipping out›: a systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 38, 15-21.
Bixler, B. 2006. Motivation and its Relationship to the Design of Educational Games. Paper presented at the Summer Conf.
Cano, EM, Ruiz, JG & Garcia, IA (2013). Integrating a Learning Constructionist Environment and the Instructional Design Approach into the Definition of a Basic Course for Em Embedded Systems Design. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 23 (1), 36-53.
Chen, LL (2016). Impacts of flipped classroom in high school health education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 44 (4), 411-420.
Chris Tisdell & Birgit Loch, 2017, How useful are closed captions for learning mathematics via online video?, Journal of Mathematical Education in Science 2017 - Volume 48, 2017 - Issue 2.
Choi, SY; L ee, H; and Yoo, Y. (2010). «The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study, » MIS Quarterly, (34: 4) pp.855-870.
Chua, JSM, & Lateef, FA (2014). The flipped classroom: viewpoints in Asian universities. Education in Medicine Journal, 6 (4), 20-26.
Davies, RS, Dean, DL, & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional. Integration in a College-Level Information Systems Spreadsheet Course. Education Technology Research and Development, 61, 563-580.
DeLozier, SJ, & Rhodes, MG (2016). Flipped classrooms: a review of key ideas and recommendations for practice. Educational Psychology Review, 1-11.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-015-9356-9.
Fatin Aliah Phang, Mohd Salleh Abu & Mohammad Bilal Ali (2014). Contributing factors to the deterioration of students’ participation in the Science Stream: An Analysis of Thesis Highlights. eprints.utm.my/en/eprint/28550/1/19.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/59753/1/fatinAliah2014_factorpleafmemoryresistence.pdf
Edy Hafizan Mohd Shahali, Lilia Halim, Mohamad Sattar Rasul, Kamisah Othman & Mohd Afendi Zulkifeli. (2017). STEM Learning through Engineering Design: Impact on Middle Secondary Student›s Interest towards STEM. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education. ISSN: 1305-8223 (online) 1305-8215 (print) 2017 13 (5): 1189-1211
DOI http://10.12973/eurasia.2017.00667.
Effandi Zakaria, Ibrahim & Siti Mistima. 2010. Analysis of Students’ Error in Learning of. Quadratic Equations. Inter Ed Stud, 3 (3): 105-110
Engin, M. (2014). Extending the flipped classroom model: developing second language writing skills through studentcreated digital videos. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14 (5), 12-26.
Fabris (2015). Videos Find Their Place In and Out of the Classroom.Chronicle of Higher Education. 17 March 2015.Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/videosfind-their-place-in-and-out-f-theclassroom/56113?Cid=wc&utm_source=wc&utm_medium=en.
Freeman, S., Eddy, S., McDonough, M., Smith, M., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111 (23), 8410-8415. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
Gabrielle, D. NM. (2005). The effects of technology-mediated instructional strategies on motivation, performance and self-directed learning. Doctor dissertation, Florida State University.
Galway, LP . , Corbett , KK, Takaro, TT . ,, Tairyan, K . , and Frank, E. (2014). A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health higher education. BMC Medical Education 2014, 14: 181 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/14/181.
Greenberg AD, & Zanetis, MA (2012). «The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education, « Ainhouse Research, CISCO, 2012.
Huang, YN, & Hong, ZR (2016). The effects of a flipped English classroom intervention on students’ information and communication technology and English reading comprehension. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64 (2), 175-193.
Jackson, SL 2003. Research methods ad statistics: A critical thinking approach. USA:
Wadsworth / Thomson Learning
Jensen, JL, Kummer, TA, & Godoy, PDDM (2015). Improvements from a flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 14 (1), article 5.
Jones, K., Lavicza, Z., Hohenwarter, M., Lu, A., Dawes, M., Parish, A. and Borcherds, M. 2009. Establishing a professional development network to support teachers using dynamic mathematicssoftware GeoGebra. Proceedings of the British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics, 29 (1), 97-102.
Kamariah Abu Bakar, Rohani Ahmad Ahmad Tarmizi, Rahil Mahyuddin, Habibah Elias, Wong Su Luan, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub. 2010a. Relationship between university student’s achievement motivation, attitude and academic performance in Malaysia. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science 2 (2010). pp 4906-4910
Kamariah Abu Bakar, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Rohani Ahmad Tarmizi .2010b. Utilization of Computer Technology in Learning Transformation. International Journal Of education and Information Technologies .2 (4).: 91-99
Malaysia Education Ministry. (2003). Integrated High School Curriculum: Descriptions of Form Mathematics Additional Mathematics Form IV. Curriculum Development Center, Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Malaysia Education Ministry. (2013). Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013-2025).
Katz & Barton, VJ, & Barton, B. (2007). Stages in the history of algebra with implications for teaching. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 66 (2), 185-201.
Keller, JM 1987. Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Performance and Instruction, 26 (9): 1-8.
Kim, MK, Kim, SM, Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: an exploration of design principles. Internet & Higher Education, 2 2, 37-50.
Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Kong, SC (2014). Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: an experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy. Computers & Education, 78, 160-173.
Lage, MJ, Platt, GJ, Treglia, M., and Lage, J. (2000). Inverting the Classroom: A Gateway to Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment, 31 (1), 30-43.
Lancaster & Stillman (2003). When Generations Collide: Who They Are. Why They Clash. How to Solve The Generational Puzzle at Work. Harper Collins.
Lowell, J., Utah, B., Verleger, MA, and Beach, D. (2013). The Flipped Classroom: A Survey of the Research.
Lima, RN and Tall, D. (2006). The concept of equation: what have students met before? Proceedings of the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Prague, Czech Republic, vol. 4, 233-241.
Maushak, N., Lincecum, L. & Martin, L. (2000). Using the Internet to Promote Technology Integration, Higher-order Thinking Skills and Motivation. In D. Willis, J. Price & J. Willis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2000 - Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1499-1504). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved May 8, 2018 from
https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/15857/.
Mc Laughlin JE , Roth MT , Glatt DM , Gharkholonarehe N , Davidson CA , Griffin LM , Esserman DA , Mumper RJ . (2014). The Flipped Classroom: A Course Redesign To Foster Learning And Engagement In A Health Professions
School. Academic Medicine . 89 (2): 236-243, FEB 2014
DOI: http://10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
Mazur, AD, Brown, B., & Jacobsen, M. (2015). Learning designs using flipped classroom instruction. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 41 (2), 1-26.
McCollum, BM, Fleming, CL, Plotnikoff, KM, & Skagen, DN (2017). Relationships in the Flipped Classroom. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8 (3).
https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2017.3.8
Mc Clelland DC, (1978). Managing motivation to expand human freedom. American Psychologist 33 (3): 201-210 ·
DOI: http://10.1037/0003066X.33.3.201.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232577028_Managing_motivation_to_expand_ human_freedom.
McGivney-Burelle, J., & Xue, F. (2013). Flipping calculus. PRIMUS, 23 (5), 477486.
Naime-Diefenbach, B. (1991). Validation of attention and confidence as independent components of the ARCS motivational model. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
http://www.aect.org/pdf/proccedings/2006/06_12.pdf
[20/8/2017].
O›Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: a scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
Pallant.J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS . Sydney: Ligare Book Printer
Paul R. (2013), Understanding The Various Generations - Their Philosophies And Characteristics of Working Papers Presented In The Millenials Seminar: Gen. Y & Z: The New Workforce And The Challeges 21 & 22 October 2013 Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur –
http://globaleventasia.com/event.
Presti, CR (2016). The flipped learning approach in nursing education: a literature review. Journal of Nursing Education, 55 (5), 252-257.
Pongchawee, V. , Nerida FE, & Clements MA ,. (2006). Student’s Attempt to Solve Two Elementary Quadratic Equations: A Study in Three Nation. University of Chiang Mai, University of Illinois.
Rosnaini Mahmud, Mohd Arif Ismail, Lim Ai Kiew. (2010). Development and Evaluation of a CAI Courseware “G-Reflect” on Student’s Achievement and Motivation in Learning Mathemati cs. European Journal of Social Science, 8 (4): 557-568.
Shahhanim Yahya (2012) Between Generation Gaps. FACT www.ippbm.gov.my Issue 1- 2012. Uploaded on March 10, 2015.
Siegle, D. (2013). Differentiating Instruction by Flipping the Classroom, 37 (1), 5156.
doi: http://10.1177/1076217513497579.
Song, SH 1998. The effects of motivationally adaptive computer-assisted instruction developed through the ARCS model in Song SH & Keller JM 2001. Effectiveness of Motivationally Adaptive Computer- Assisted Instruction on the Dynamic Aspects of Motivation. ETR & D, Vol. 49, no. 2.2001, pp. 5-22! SSNl0: 42- 629.
Song SH & Keller JM 2001. Effectiveness of Motivationally Adaptive Computer- Assisted Instruction on the Dynamic Aspects of Motivation. ETR & D, Vol. 49, no. 2.2001, pp. 5-22! SSNl0: 42- 629.
Suzuki, K & Keller, J, (2004), Learner motivation and e-learning design: A multinationally validated process, Journal of Educational Media, Vol 29, No 3, Page (s) 229-239.
Strayer, JF (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15 (2), 171193.
doi: http://10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Taspcott, Don (2008). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. McGraw-Hill.
Ogden, L & Pyzdrowski, LJ & Shambaugh, Neal. (2014). A teaching model for the college algebra flipped classroom. 47-70.
http://10.4018/978-1-4666-4987-3.ch003.
Piaget, J., & Cook, MT (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York, NY: International University Press dlm Mayer, RE (2014). The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Visser, J., and Keller, JM “The Clinical Use of Motivational Messages: An Inquiry into the Validity of the ARCS Model of Motivational Design.” Instructional Science, 1990, 19, 467-500
Vygotsky, LS (1987). Thinking and speech. In RW Rieber & AS Carton (Eds.), The collected works of LS Vygotsky, Volume 1: Problems of general psychology (pp. 39-285). New York: Plenum Press.
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Published
2018-12-23
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Abdullah, M. Z., & Mamat, M. (2018). The effects of Flipped Classroom instructions on student’s motivation in Algebraic Component. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia, 8(2), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol8.2.2.2018
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