PRINCIPAL'S LEADERSHIP STYLES, STUDENTS' MOTIVATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Keywords:
Leadership, Transformational, Transactional, Instructional, MotivationAbstract
Principals’ management and leadership were perceived as the main factors to ensure school effectiveness and had significant impact on students, not directly but indirectly. The purpose of this study was to assess relationship between leadership styles of principals’ and students’ motivation levels with academic achievements of students in secondary schools in the Serian district of Sarawak. A questionnaire that contained 41 items was used to collect data from 302 samples. The descriptive findings of the study showed that 48.4% of the samples lived in families consisting of six and more family members and 81.8% of the families had an average monthly income of less than RM1,000 which was within the national rural poverty level. Analyses conducted showed that the principals favored transactional and transformational leaderships with means of 17.93 and 17.82 respectively. The Pearson Correlation analyses showed there were significant relationships between principals’ leadership styles and students’ motivation, between principals’ leadership styles and students’ motivation, and between students’ motivation and academic performance. The researchers suggested that the Ministry of Education and school principals should emphasize on strengthening leadership aspects. Selection of new principals must ensure that the criterias used in the process fulfill the needs of today’s education systems. They must be exposed to trainings that emphasize on principals’ leadership and school management.
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References
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Kleine, P. & Kracht, P. (1993). Indirect instructional leadership: An administrator’s choice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 29 (2), 187 - 212.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607 – 610.
Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2000). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Conditions and Students Engagement with School. Journal Of Education, 38 (2), 112 – 129.
Lim, C. P., Chueen, L. L. & Yeong, V. L. Y. (2005). Isu-isu Masalah Disiplin Pelajar: Pendekatan dan Penyelesaian. Seminar Pendidikan UTM (15 October). Skudai, Johor.
Marks, H. M. & Printy, S. M. (2003). Principal Leadership and School Performance: An Integration of Transformational and Instructional Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39 (3), 370 – 397.
Miller, K. (2003). School, Teacher and Leadership Impacts on Students Achievement (Policy Brief). Aurora, Colorado: Mid-Continent Research for Education on Learning.
Norlia Abd Aziz, T. Subahan M. Meerah, Lilia Halim & Kamisah Osman. (2006). Hubungan Antara Motivasi dan Gaya Pembelajaran dengan Pencapaian Matematik Tambahan Pelajar Tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 123 – 141.
Novandri Hasan Basri. (2000). Masalah Disiplin Pelajar: Satu Pendekatan dan Penyelesaian. Dewan Budaya. Edisi Budaya, 8 – 9.
Nursuhaila Ghazali (2007). Tahap Amalan Kepimpinan Transformasional dalam Kalangan Pengetua Sekolah Menengah Bandar Jangkak. Unpublished Masters Thesis. Skudai, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Ogawa, R. T. & Scribner, S.P. (2002). Leadership: Spaning the Technical and Institutional Dimensions of Organizations. Journal Of Educational Administration, 40 (6), 576-588.
Penn, J. D. (2002). Motivational Theory and Middle School. Michigan: Western Michigan University.
Reeve, J. (1996). Motivation Others: Nurturing Inner Motivational Resources. Boston: Allyn Bacon.
Reinhartz, J. & Beach, D. M. (2004). Educational Leadership: Changing School, Changing Roles. Pearson Education. Inc.
Ross, J. A. & Gray, P. (2006). School Leadership Aad Students Achievement: The Mediating Effects of Teacher Believe. Canadian Journal of Education, 29 (3), 798 – 822.
Rusmini Ku Ahmad. (2004). Keberkesanan Sekolah: Satu Tinjauan dari Aspek Kepimpinan Kompetensi Guru dan Amalan Pengurusan Terbaik. Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan ke-12, 6 – 9 December. Genting Highland, Pahang: Institusi Aminuddin Baki.
Gill, S. S. (2007). Menangani Masalah Salah Laku Pelajar: Pembinaan Tahap Sosialisasi Remaja Menerusi Aspek Keagamaan Harus Jadi Asas Utama. Berita Harian, 17 July, 13.
Shirley, M. A. (2000). The Influences of Teacher Leadership Stlye on Students’ Affective Motivation. Canada: National Library of Canada.
Stein, S. J. (2006). Transforming Leadership Program. Phi Delta Kappan, 87 (7), 522 - 524.
Waters, T., Marzano, R. J. & McNulty, B. (2003). Balance Leardership: What 30 Years of Research Tells Us About the Effect of Leadership on Students. Aurora, Colorado: Mid Continent Research for Education and Learning.
Whitworth, A. L. (2005). Motivating Middle School Students in an Urban Language Art Classrooms. Unpublished Masters Dissertation. University of Memphis
Wolfolk, A. (2004). Educational Psychology (19th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Yukl, G. A. (2002). Leadership In Organizations (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice. Hall.
Abdul Shukor Abdullah. (2004). Kepimpinan Unggul Tonggak Bidang Pendidikan Cemerlang. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan ke-12 (6-7 December). Genting Highland, Pahang: Institut Aminuddin Baki.
Abd Sukor Shaari Yahya & Yaakob Daud. (2006). Motivasi Belajar dan Harga Diri-Hubungan dengan Pencapaian Akademik dan Kegiatan Kokurikulum Pelajar Sekolah Menengah. Sintok, Kedah: UUM.
Abdullah Sani Yahya. (2005). Mengurus Disiplin Pelajar. Pahang Darul Makmur: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn Bhd.
Adam, E. N., & Nati, K. (2006). School Principal’s Leadership Style and Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: Planning and Changing. Education Journal, 37 (3&4), 205 – 218.
Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak. (2006). Ciri Iklim Sekolah Berkesan. Implikasinya Terhadap Motivasi Pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 3 – 13.
Alimudin Hj. Mohd Dom. (2006). Outstanding Leaders: Membina Sekolah Cemerlang. Selangor: Sektor Penaziran Kepimpinan Institusi Pendidikan Jemaah Nazir Sekolah.
Aziah Ismail, Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah & Abdullah Saad. (2003). Amalan Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Kapasiti Kepimpinan di Dua Buah Sekolah Kluster Di Malaysia. Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Pendidik: Universiti Sains Malaysia. Retrieved on December 10, 2008from http://www.iab.edu.my/kertaskerjasni5.
Azizi Hj Yahaya, Yusof Boon & Kamilah Noordin. (2006). Hubungan Antara Gaya Keibubapaan dengan Pencapaian Pelajar. Skudai, Johor: UTM.
Azlina Tamby Ahmad. (2003). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Pelajar Menengah terhadap Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik. Latihan Ilmiah yang tidak Diterbitkan. Kota Samarahan: UNIMAS.
Bass, B.M. (1997). Does The Transactional – Transformational Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries? American Psychologist, 52, 130 – 139.
Bomia, L., Peluzo, L., Demeester, D., Elander, K., Johnson, M., & Sheldon, B. (1997). The Impact of Teaching Strategies on Intrinsic Motivation. Champaign, Illinois: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementatry and Early Childhood Education.
Bryant, G. (1974). Associations between Educational Outcomes and Background Variables. Washington D.C.: National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Brown, D. S. (2002). Students Motivation, Using Information Effectively In Education. (ISTC Honors). December 5, 2000.
Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical Power Analysis for The Behavioured Sciences. New York: Academic Press.
Dufour, R. (2002). Learning Centered Principal. Educational Leadership, 59 (8), 12 – 15.
Effective School Products, LTD. (2001). Effective Schools Primer. Retrieved December 10, 2008 from Revolutionary and Evolutionary: The Effective Schools Movement.http://www.effectiveschool.com.
Eldredge, W. (2008). Elementary Principals’ Perceptions of Instructional Leadership and Its Relationship to Students Performance. ProQuest LLC. UMI 3304563.
Faridah Abu Hassan, Nazmah Ishak, Hamidah Yusof & Habibah Abdul Rahman. (2005). Kemiskinan dan Pendidikan: Perubahan Minda Orang Melayu ke Arah Pendidikan Akademik. Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan dasar Pendidikan. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Gay L. R. & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application (6th ed). Ohio: Prentice Hall.
Goddard, R. D., Hoy, W. K. & Hoy, A.W. (2004). Collective Efficacy Believes: TheoreticalDevelopments, Empirical Evidence and Futive Direction. Educational Researcher, 33(3), 3 – 13.
Halpin, A. W. (1958). The Leadership Behavior of School Superintendents: The Perceptions and Expectations of Board Members, Staff Members, and Superintendents. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Hamidah Baba. (2004). Mengembangkan Profesionalisme di Sekolah. Trans. Kuala Lumpur: Maskha Sdn Bhd.
Hoy, W. K & Miskel, C. G. (2004). Educational Administration: Theory, Research and Practice (7th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill.
Ishak Sin. (2003). Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Pengajaran: Gaya Manakah yang Diperlukan oleh Pengetua? Jurnal Pengurusan Dan Kepimpinan, 13 (2), 9 - 10.
Jaafar Muhamad. (2007). Kelakuan Organisasi. Kuala Lumpur: Leeds Publications (M) Sdn Bhd.
Kleine, P. & Kracht, P. (1993). Indirect instructional leadership: An administrator’s choice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 29 (2), 187 - 212.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607 – 610.
Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2000). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Conditions and Students Engagement with School. Journal Of Education, 38 (2), 112 – 129.
Lim, C. P., Chueen, L. L. & Yeong, V. L. Y. (2005). Isu-isu Masalah Disiplin Pelajar: Pendekatan dan Penyelesaian. Seminar Pendidikan UTM (15 October). Skudai, Johor.
Marks, H. M. & Printy, S. M. (2003). Principal Leadership and School Performance: An Integration of Transformational and Instructional Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39 (3), 370 – 397.
Miller, K. (2003). School, Teacher and Leadership Impacts on Students Achievement (Policy Brief). Aurora, Colorado: Mid-Continent Research for Education on Learning.
Norlia Abd Aziz, T. Subahan M. Meerah, Lilia Halim & Kamisah Osman. (2006). Hubungan Antara Motivasi dan Gaya Pembelajaran dengan Pencapaian Matematik Tambahan Pelajar Tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 123 – 141.
Novandri Hasan Basri. (2000). Masalah Disiplin Pelajar: Satu Pendekatan dan Penyelesaian. Dewan Budaya. Edisi Budaya, 8 – 9.
Nursuhaila Ghazali (2007). Tahap Amalan Kepimpinan Transformasional dalam Kalangan Pengetua Sekolah Menengah Bandar Jangkak. Unpublished Masters Thesis. Skudai, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Ogawa, R. T. & Scribner, S.P. (2002). Leadership: Spaning the Technical and Institutional Dimensions of Organizations. Journal Of Educational Administration, 40 (6), 576-588.
Penn, J. D. (2002). Motivational Theory and Middle School. Michigan: Western Michigan University.
Reeve, J. (1996). Motivation Others: Nurturing Inner Motivational Resources. Boston: Allyn Bacon.
Reinhartz, J. & Beach, D. M. (2004). Educational Leadership: Changing School, Changing Roles. Pearson Education. Inc.
Ross, J. A. & Gray, P. (2006). School Leadership Aad Students Achievement: The Mediating Effects of Teacher Believe. Canadian Journal of Education, 29 (3), 798 – 822.
Rusmini Ku Ahmad. (2004). Keberkesanan Sekolah: Satu Tinjauan dari Aspek Kepimpinan Kompetensi Guru dan Amalan Pengurusan Terbaik. Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan ke-12, 6 – 9 December. Genting Highland, Pahang: Institusi Aminuddin Baki.
Gill, S. S. (2007). Menangani Masalah Salah Laku Pelajar: Pembinaan Tahap Sosialisasi Remaja Menerusi Aspek Keagamaan Harus Jadi Asas Utama. Berita Harian, 17 July, 13.
Shirley, M. A. (2000). The Influences of Teacher Leadership Stlye on Students’ Affective Motivation. Canada: National Library of Canada.
Stein, S. J. (2006). Transforming Leadership Program. Phi Delta Kappan, 87 (7), 522 - 524.
Waters, T., Marzano, R. J. & McNulty, B. (2003). Balance Leardership: What 30 Years of Research Tells Us About the Effect of Leadership on Students. Aurora, Colorado: Mid Continent Research for Education and Learning.
Whitworth, A. L. (2005). Motivating Middle School Students in an Urban Language Art Classrooms. Unpublished Masters Dissertation. University of Memphis
Wolfolk, A. (2004). Educational Psychology (19th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Yukl, G. A. (2002). Leadership In Organizations (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice. Hall.
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Published
2019-03-05
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Mat Norwani, N., Tamby Chek, I., Ahmad, A. R., & Singai, E. (2019). PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP STYLES, STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 2, 115–128. Retrieved from https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JCIT/article/view/937
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