Characterizing Computational Thinking for Tertiary Education Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jcit.vol10.sp.6.2020Keywords:
Abstraction, Algorithm, Computational thinking, Decomposition, Tertiary educationAbstract
As the term computational thinking was just introduced into Malaysian education landscape in early 2017, the knowledge about it is still limited. Therefore, a literature review mapping has been done in order to identify its features and global research pattern related to this skill. IEEEXplore, Science Direct, and Web of Science were selected as the main sources of the articles out of 13 other repositories. The total of 325 articles were found by using computational thinking with punctuation marks " " as keywords via selected repositories. Out of this total, 109 articles have met the criteria and only 86 articles were referred together with another 30 additional multi-type references. Finally, 66 features were generated from 29 referred articles related to the characterization of computational thinking skill. Among these features, three with the highest frequency were identified. It made up of two features that often assessed at tertiary education level namely algorithm and abstraction as well as two other features that are said as the true essence of the skill namely abstraction and decomposition with one of them is overlapped. Therefore, these three features are suggested to be in the list of variables of any research related to tertiary education learning.
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References
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Kalelioglu, F., Gülbahar, Y., & Kukul, V. (2016). A Framework for Computational Thinking Based on a Systematic Research Review. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 4(3), 583-596.
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Kotini, I., & Tzelepi, S. (2015). A gamification-based framework for developing learning activities of computational thinking. In T. Reiners, & L. Wood (Eds.), Gamification in Education and Business (pp. 219-252). Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_12
Li, Y. (2016). Teaching programming based on Computational Thinking. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757408
Lowe, T., & Brophy, S. (2017). An operationalized model for defining computational thinking. Frontiers in Education 2017, 1( ), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2017.8190682
Lugo, M. J. R., Olabe, X. B., & Niño, N. M. (2018). "Evolution": Design and Implementation of Digital Educational Material to Strengthen Computational Thinking Skills. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje (pp. 37-45). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2018.2809943
Lye, S. Y., & Koh, J. H. L. (2014). Review on teaching and learning of computational thinking through programming: What is next for K-12? Computers in Human Behavior, 41(2014), 51-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012
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Moreno-León, J., Robles, G., & Román-González, M. (2015). Dr. Scratch: Automatic analysis of scratch projects to assess and foster computational thinking. RED-Revista de Educación a Distancia, (46), 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.6018/red/46/10
National Research Council. (2010). Report of a workshop on the scope and nature of computational thinking. National Academies Press.
Ota, G., Morimoto, Y., & Kato, H. (2016). Ninja code village for scratch: Function samples/function analyzer and automatic assessment of computational thinking concepts. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, & G. Stapleton (Eds.), 2016 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 238-239). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739695
Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books Inc.
Repenning, A., Basawapatna, A., & Escherle, N. (2016). Computational thinking tools. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, & G. Stapleton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 218-222). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739688
Seiter, L., & Foreman, B. (2013). Modeling the learning progressions of computational thinking of primary grade students. In ACM (Ed.), Proceedings of the ninth annual international ACM conference on International computing education research (pp. 59-66). Association for Computing Machinery.
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Shute, V. J., Sun C., & Asbell-Clarke, J. (2017). Demystifying computational thinking. Educational Research Review, 22(2017), 142-158.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.09.003
Silva, L. R., da Silva, A. P., Toda, A., & Isotani, S. (2018). Impact of Teaching Approaches to Computational Thinking on High School Students: A Systematic Mapping. In M. Chang, N-S Cheng, R. Huang, Kinshuk, K. M. Moudgalya, S. Murthy, & D. G. Sampson. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (pp. 285-289). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ICALT.2018.00072
Sondakh, D. E, (2018). Review of Computational Thinking Assessment in Higher Education. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16120.55042
The Computer Science Teachers Association & International Society for Technology in Education. (2011). Operational Definition of Computational Thinking for K–12 Education.
https://id.iste.org/docs/ct-documents/computational-thinking-operational-definition-flyer.pdf
Toedte, R. J., & Aydeniz, M. (2015). Computational thinking and impacts on K-12 science education. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2015.7344239
Tsarava, K., Moeller, K., & Ninaus, M. (2018). Training Computational Thinking through board games: The case of Crabs & Turtles. International Journal of Serious Games, 5(2), 25-44.
https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v5i2.248
Tsarava, K., Moeller, K., Pinkwart, N., Butz, M., Trautwein, U., & Ninaus, M. (2017). Training computational thinking: Game-based unplugged and plugged-in activities in primary school. In M. Pivec & J. Grundler (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Games Based Learning (pp. 687-695). ACPI.
Turchi, T., & Malizia, A. (2016). Fostering computational thinking skills with a tangible blocks programming environment. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, and G. Stapleton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 232-233). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739692
Vallance, M., & Towndrow, P. A. (2016). Pedagogic transformation, student-directed design and computational thinking. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 11(3), 218-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2016.1182437
Wang, D., Wang, T., & Liu, Z. (2014). A tangible programming tool for children to cultivate computational thinking. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(), 1-10.
http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/428080
Weintrop, D., Beheshti, E., Horn, M., Orton, K., Jona, K., Trouille, L., & Wilensky, U. (2016). Defining computational thinking for mathematics and science classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127-147.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Worrell, B., Brand, C., & Repenning, A. (2015). Collaboration and Computational Thinking: A classroom structure. In Z. Li, C. Ermel, and S. D. Fleming (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VLHCC) (pp. 183-187). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2015.7357215
Yadav, A., Mayfield, C., Zhou, N., Hambrusch, S., & Korb, J. T. (2014). Computational thinking in elementary and secondary teacher education. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 14(1), 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2576872
Yadav, A., Zhou, N., Mayfield, C., Hambrusch, S., & Korb, J. T. (2011). Introducing computational thinking in education courses. In ACM (Ed.), Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer Science education. Association for Computing Machinery.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1953163.1953297
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010018
Angeli, C., Voogt, J., Fluck, A., Webb, M., Cox, M., Malyn-Smith, J., & Zagami, J. (2016). A K-6 computational thinking curriculum framework: Implications for teacher knowledge. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(3), 47-57.
Araujo, A. L. S. O., Santos, J. S., Andrade, W. L., Guerrero, D. D. S., & Dagiene, V. (2017). Exploring computational thinking assessment in introductory programming courses. In C. Dyer (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-9). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2017.8190652
Arraki, K., Blair, K., Bürgert, T., Greenling, J., Haebe, J., Lee, G., Peel, A., Szczepanski, V., Pontelli, E., & Hug, S. (2014). DISSECT: An experiment in infusing computational thinking in K-12 science curricula. In IEEE (Ed), Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. (pp. 1-9). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2014.7044262
Atmatzidou, S., & Demetriadis, S. (2016). Advancing students’ computational thinking skills through educational robotics: A study on age and gender relevant differences. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 75, 661-670.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2015.10.008
Barr, V., & Stephenson, C. (2011). Bringing computational thinking to K-12: what is Involved and what is the role of the computer science education community? ACM Inroads, 2(1), 48-54.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1929887.1929905
Basogain, X., Olabe, M. A., Olabe, J. C., Ramírez, R., Del Rosario, M., & Garcia, J. (2016). PC-01: Introduction to computational thinking: Educational technology in primary and secondary education. In F. J. García-Peñalvo and A. J. Mendes (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Computers in Education (pp. 1-5). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE.2016.7751816
Basu, S., Mustafara, E., & Rich, K. (2016). CIRCL Primer: Computational Thinking. In CIRCL Primer Series. Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning.
http://circlcenter.org/computational-thinking
Brennan, K., & Resnick, M. (2012). New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/new-frameworks-for-studying-and-assessing-the-development-of-computational-thinking/
Burke, Q., Bailey, C. S., & Ruiz, P. (2019). CIRCL Primer: Assessing Computational Thinking. In CIRCL Primer Series. Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning.
https://circlcenter.org/assessing-computational-thinking.
Cross, J., Hamner, E., Zito, L., & Nourbakhsh, I. (2016). Engineering and computational thinking talent in middle school students: a framework for defining and recognizing student affinities. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-9). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757720
Curriculum Development Division. (2015). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Asas Sains Komputer Tingkatan 1. Ministry of Education Malaysia.
de Araujo, A. L. S. O., Andrade, W. L., & Guerrero, D. D. S. (2016). A systematic mapping study on assessing computational thinking abilities. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Conference (pp. 1-9). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757678
Geck, C. S, Hooi, Y. K., Mohamad, Z., & Ismail, F. (2016). Sains Komputer Tingkatan 4. Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
Google for Education. (n.d.). Exploring Computational Thinking.
https://edu.google.com/resources/programs/exploring-computational-thinking/#!ct-overview
Grover, S., & Pea, R. (2013). Computational thinking in K–12: A review of the state of the field. Educational Researcher, 42(1), 38-43.
https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12463051
Heintz, F., Mannila, L., & Färnqvist, T. (2016). A review of models for introducing computational thinking, computer science and computing in K-12 education. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2016 Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-9). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757410
Ioannidou, A., Bennett, V., Repenning, A., Koh, K. H., & Basawapatna, A. (2011). Computational Thinking Patterns [Paper presentation]. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in the Division C - Learning and Instruction/Section 7: Technology Research Symposium "Merging Human Creativity and the Power of Technology: Computational Thinking in the K-12 Classroom", Colorado.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED520742.pdf
Kalelioglu, F., Gülbahar, Y., & Kukul, V. (2016). A Framework for Computational Thinking Based on a Systematic Research Review. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 4(3), 583-596.
Kassan, S., Fatt, L. K., & Meng, T. Y. (2016). Asas Sains Komputer Tingkatan 1. Percetakan Rina Sdn. Bhd.
Kong, R., & Wong, G. K. W. (2017). Teachers' Perception of Professional Development in Coding Education. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (pp. 377-380). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE.2017.8252365
Korkmaz, Ö., Çakir, R., & Özden, M. Y. (2017). A validity and reliability study of the computational thinking scales (CTS). Computers in Human Behavior, 72(2017), 558-569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.005
Kotini, I., & Tzelepi, S. (2015). A gamification-based framework for developing learning activities of computational thinking. In T. Reiners, & L. Wood (Eds.), Gamification in Education and Business (pp. 219-252). Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_12
Li, Y. (2016). Teaching programming based on Computational Thinking. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757408
Lowe, T., & Brophy, S. (2017). An operationalized model for defining computational thinking. Frontiers in Education 2017, 1( ), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2017.8190682
Lugo, M. J. R., Olabe, X. B., & Niño, N. M. (2018). "Evolution": Design and Implementation of Digital Educational Material to Strengthen Computational Thinking Skills. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje (pp. 37-45). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2018.2809943
Lye, S. Y., & Koh, J. H. L. (2014). Review on teaching and learning of computational thinking through programming: What is next for K-12? Computers in Human Behavior, 41(2014), 51-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2017). Ministry of Education's Ikhtisas Circular Letter Number 9 Year 2016: Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah Secara Berperingkat-peringkat Mulai Tahun 2017.
https://www.moe.gov.my/images/pekeliling/2016/circularfile_file_001420.pdf
Moreno-León, J., Robles, G., & Román-González, M. (2015). Dr. Scratch: Automatic analysis of scratch projects to assess and foster computational thinking. RED-Revista de Educación a Distancia, (46), 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.6018/red/46/10
National Research Council. (2010). Report of a workshop on the scope and nature of computational thinking. National Academies Press.
Ota, G., Morimoto, Y., & Kato, H. (2016). Ninja code village for scratch: Function samples/function analyzer and automatic assessment of computational thinking concepts. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, & G. Stapleton (Eds.), 2016 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 238-239). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739695
Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books Inc.
Repenning, A., Basawapatna, A., & Escherle, N. (2016). Computational thinking tools. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, & G. Stapleton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 218-222). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739688
Seiter, L., & Foreman, B. (2013). Modeling the learning progressions of computational thinking of primary grade students. In ACM (Ed.), Proceedings of the ninth annual international ACM conference on International computing education research (pp. 59-66). Association for Computing Machinery.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2493394.2493403
Shute, V. J., Sun C., & Asbell-Clarke, J. (2017). Demystifying computational thinking. Educational Research Review, 22(2017), 142-158.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.09.003
Silva, L. R., da Silva, A. P., Toda, A., & Isotani, S. (2018). Impact of Teaching Approaches to Computational Thinking on High School Students: A Systematic Mapping. In M. Chang, N-S Cheng, R. Huang, Kinshuk, K. M. Moudgalya, S. Murthy, & D. G. Sampson. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (pp. 285-289). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ICALT.2018.00072
Sondakh, D. E, (2018). Review of Computational Thinking Assessment in Higher Education. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16120.55042
The Computer Science Teachers Association & International Society for Technology in Education. (2011). Operational Definition of Computational Thinking for K–12 Education.
https://id.iste.org/docs/ct-documents/computational-thinking-operational-definition-flyer.pdf
Toedte, R. J., & Aydeniz, M. (2015). Computational thinking and impacts on K-12 science education. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2015.7344239
Tsarava, K., Moeller, K., & Ninaus, M. (2018). Training Computational Thinking through board games: The case of Crabs & Turtles. International Journal of Serious Games, 5(2), 25-44.
https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v5i2.248
Tsarava, K., Moeller, K., Pinkwart, N., Butz, M., Trautwein, U., & Ninaus, M. (2017). Training computational thinking: Game-based unplugged and plugged-in activities in primary school. In M. Pivec & J. Grundler (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Games Based Learning (pp. 687-695). ACPI.
Turchi, T., & Malizia, A. (2016). Fostering computational thinking skills with a tangible blocks programming environment. In A. Blackwell, B. Plimmer, and G. Stapleton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (pp. 232-233). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
http://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2016.7739692
Vallance, M., & Towndrow, P. A. (2016). Pedagogic transformation, student-directed design and computational thinking. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 11(3), 218-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2016.1182437
Wang, D., Wang, T., & Liu, Z. (2014). A tangible programming tool for children to cultivate computational thinking. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(), 1-10.
http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/428080
Weintrop, D., Beheshti, E., Horn, M., Orton, K., Jona, K., Trouille, L., & Wilensky, U. (2016). Defining computational thinking for mathematics and science classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127-147.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Worrell, B., Brand, C., & Repenning, A. (2015). Collaboration and Computational Thinking: A classroom structure. In Z. Li, C. Ermel, and S. D. Fleming (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VLHCC) (pp. 183-187). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2015.7357215
Yadav, A., Mayfield, C., Zhou, N., Hambrusch, S., & Korb, J. T. (2014). Computational thinking in elementary and secondary teacher education. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 14(1), 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2576872
Yadav, A., Zhou, N., Mayfield, C., Hambrusch, S., & Korb, J. T. (2011). Introducing computational thinking in education courses. In ACM (Ed.), Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer Science education. Association for Computing Machinery.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1953163.1953297
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Published
2020-07-30
How to Cite
Sidek, S. F., Mohamad Yatim, M. H., & Said, C. S. (2020). Characterizing Computational Thinking for Tertiary Education Learning. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 10, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.37134/jcit.vol10.sp.6.2020
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