Understanding Wellness Tourists' Behavioral Intentions: Factors Shaping Visits to Underdeveloped Mountain Regions in China

Authors

  • Qian Li Ankang University, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Zainizam Zakariya Faculty of Management and Economics, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia
  • Yunchao Cai Ankang University, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Nurudeen Babatunde Bamiro Faculty of Management and Economics, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia

Keywords:

Wellness tourist, Behavioral intention, Theory of planned behavior

Abstract

This study examines the factors impacting wellness tourist's behavioral intention in underdeveloped mountain areas in China. The model extends the theory of planned behavior, considering attitudes towards wellness tourism, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as central factors, and additionally incorporates health consciousness level and prior knowledge of wellness. Data were randomly collected from 224 residents of Xi'an, Chengdu, and Wuhan cities in China, using a questionnaire survey and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that attitudes towards tourism, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and prior knowledge of wellness positively impact wellness tourist's behavioral intention in underdeveloped areas, while health consciousness level has no significant impact. Together, these five variables explain 48 percent of the variance in the dependent variable. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying the factors influencing wellness tourism behavior in underdeveloped regions, offering insights for policymakers and marketers to better understand and promote wellness tourism in these types of areas.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, R. R., Streimikiene, D., Qadir, H., & Streimikis, J. (2022). Effect of green marketing mix, green customer value, and attitude on green purchase intention: Evidence from the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5), 11473–11495.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.

Al-Dmour, H., Al-Zu’bi, Z. M. F., & Kakeesh, D. (2013). The effect of services marketing mix elements on customer-cased crand equity: An empirical study on mobile telecom service recipients in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(11), 13.

Ali, M. B., Quaddus, M., Rabbanee, F. K., & Shanka, T. (2022). Community participation and quality of life in nature-based tourism: Exploring the antecedents and moderators. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(3), 630–661.

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.

Andreu, M. G. N., Font-Barnet, A., & Roca, M. E. (2021). Wellness tourism—new challenges and opportunities for tourism in Salou. Sustainability, 13(15), 8246.

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.

Chen, J. S., Prebensen, N. K., Huan, T. C., & Şengel, T. (2008). Determining the motivation of wellness travelers. Anatolia,19(1), 103-115.

Chen, Y., Shang, R., & Li, M. (2014). The effects of perceived relevance of travel blogs’ content on the behavioral intention to visit a tourist destination. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 787–799.

China National Tourism Administration. (2016). Construction standard of national health and wellness tourism demonstration base (LB/T051-2016). Standardization Administration of China.

De Cannière, M. H., De Pelsmacker, P., & Geuens, M. (2009). Relationship quality and the theory of planned behavior models of behavioral intentions and purchase behavior. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 82–92.

Deng, P., & Chen, B. (2022). An empirical study of the influencing factors for intention of health and wellness under the influence of COVID-19. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences), 22(5), 112–122.

Dunn, H. L. (1959). High-level wellness for man and society. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 49(6), 786–792.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis . New York: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.

Janssen, B. M. F., Oppe, M., Versteegh, M. M., & Stolk, E. A. (2013). Introducing the composite time trade-off: A test of feasibility and face validity. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(S1), 5–13.

Jiang, X., Qin, J., Gao, J., & Gossage, M. G. (2022). How tourists’ perception affects travel intention: Mechanism pathways and boundary conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 821364.

Kaspar, C. (1995). Gesundheitstourismus im trend. Jahrbuch Der Schweizer Tourismuswirtschaft, 96, 53–61.

Kim, M. J., Lee, C.-K., Kim, J. S., & Petrick, J. F. (2019). Wellness pursuit and slow life seeking behaviors: moderating role of festival attachment. Sustainability, 11(7), 2020.

Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling . New York: Guilford Press.

Lee, C.-K., Song, H.-J., Bendle, L. J., Kim, M.-J., & Han, H. (2012). The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for 2009 H1N1 influenza on travel intentions: A model of goal-directed behavior. Tourism Management, 33(1), 89–99.

Leou, E. C., & Wang, H. (2023). A holistic perspective to predict yoga tourists’ revisit intention: An integration of the TPB and ECM model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1090579.

Li, C., & Huang, X. (2022). How does COVID-19 risk perception affect wellness tourist intention: Findings on Chinese generation Z. Sustainability, 15(1), 141.

Liu, C., Dou, X., Li, J., & Cai, L. A. (2020). Analyzing government role in rural tourism development: An empirical investigation from China. Journal of Rural Studies, 79, 177–188.

Martuza, V. R. (1977). Applying norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measurement in education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Mathijsen, A., & Dziedzic, E. (2024). Diasporic medical tourism: Examining tourists’ profiles, antecedents and behavioural intention. European Journal of Tourism Research, 37, 3702–3702.

Mueller, H., & Kaufmann, E. L. (2001). Wellness tourism: Market analysis of a special health tourism segment and implications for the hotel industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(1), 5–17.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2023). China statistical yearbook 2023. Beijing: China Statistics Press.

Newsom, J. T., McFarland, B. H., Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., & Zani, B. (2005). The health consciousness myth: Implications of the near independence of major health behaviors in the North American population. Social Science & Medicine, 60(2), 433–437.

Pahrudin, P., Chen, C.-T., & Liu, L.-W. (2021). A modified theory of planned behavioral: A case of tourist intention to visit a destination post pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia. Heliyon, 7(10), e08230.

Park, J., Ahn, J., & Yoo, W. S. (2017). The effects of price and health consciousness and satisfaction on the medical tourism experience. Journal of Healthcare Management, 62(6), 405–417.

Piko, B. F., & Keresztes, N. (2006). Physical activity, psychosocial health and life goals among youth. Journal of Community Health, 31, 136–145.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 539–569.

Pu, B., Du, F., Zhang, L., & Qiu, Y. (2021). Subjective knowledge and health consciousness influences on health tourism intention after the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 31(2), 131–139.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. New York: Pearson.

Schönherr, S., & Pikkemaat, B. (2024). Young peoples’ environmentally sustainable tourism attitude and responsible behavioral intention. Tourism Review, 79(4), 939–952.

Smith, M., & Puczkó, L. (2014). Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. London: Routledge.

Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E., & Simanavicius, A. (2021). Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable Development, 29(1), 259–271.

Suo, Y., Li, C., Tang, L., & Huang, L. (2024). Exploring AAM acceptance in tourism: Environmental consciousness’s influence on hedonic motivation and intention to use. Sustainability, 16(8), 3324.

Wang, F., Du, L., Tian, M., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Sustainability of rural tourism in poverty reduction: Evidence from panel data of 15 underdeveloped counties in Anhui Province, China. Plos One, 18(3), e0283048.

Wang, L.-H., Yeh, S.-S., Chen, K.-Y., & Huan, T.-C. (2022). Tourists’ travel intention: Revisiting the TPB model with age and perceived risk as moderator and attitude as mediator. Tourism Review, 77(3), 877–896.

Wang, Z. (2009). International tourism island: Hainan to open a good wellness tour this “prescription.” Today’s Hainan, 12, 12–12.

Wang, Z., & Su, Y. (2020). Assessment of soil erosion in the Qinba Mountains of the southern Shaanxi Province in China using the RUSLE model. Sustainability, 12(5), 1733.

Wickens C., Carswell M. (2006). Information processing. In Salvendy G., Handbook of human factors and ergonomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Xie, D., He, B., Cai, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, L. (2019). Study on the behavioral intention of potential tourists in health and well-being tourism—Based on the theory of planned behavior. Forestry Economics, 41(3), 33-39+71.

Xie, T. (2016). Consumers’intention to visit green hotels: Based on TPB perspective. Tourism Tirbune, 31(6), 94–103.

Zhang, Y., Wong, I. A., Duan, X., & Chen, Y. V. (2021). Craving better health? Influence of socio-political conformity and health consciousness on goal-directed rural-eco tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(5), 511–526.

Zhou, B., Liu, S., Yu, H., Zhu, D., & Xiong, Q. (2022). Perceived benefits and forest tourists consumption intention: Environmental protection attitude and resource utilization attitude as mediators. Forests, 13(5), 812.

Zhou, Y., Liu, L., Han, S., & Sun, X. (2023). Comparative analysis of the behavioral intention of potential wellness tourists in China and South Korea. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 489.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-25

How to Cite

Li, Q., Zakariya, Z., Cai, Y., & Bamiro, N. B. (2024). Understanding Wellness Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions: Factors Shaping Visits to Underdeveloped Mountain Regions in China. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 15(1/2). Retrieved from https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JCIT/article/view/10296