Temperament: A Grounded Theory Study On The Formatıon Of Temperament
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol13.2.5.2024Keywords:
Father, mother, pregnancy process, temperament, personality formation, grounded theoryAbstract
Every baby brings its own temperament with it into the world. Although it is widely accepted by scientists that genetic factors are effective in the formation of temperament, this study aims to examine the possible effects of the pregnancy process on the temperament characteristics of children in line with the experiences of mothers and the role and effects of the father in the pregnancy process and to present a theoretical model explaining this process. The research, which was conducted in the Grounded Theory design, was conducted with a total of 237 mothers consisting of 3 different study groups. The study concluded, important evidence was found that temperament cannot be caused only by biological factors and that the mother's well-being during pregnancy also affects the child's temperament. The study also found that a father supporting the mother during pregnancy (father involvement) was the strongest factor positively influencing the mother's well-being and thus the child's temperament. Based on the research findings, Theoretical Model 1 for temperament formation and Theoretical Model 2 for the father's role in the pregnancy process were presented.
Downloads
References
Adler, A. (1949). Understanding Human Nature. New York: Greenberg,.
Aktaş, A. (2006). Farklı kültürlerdeki yöneticilerin kişilik özelliklerine dayanarak liderlik anlayışlarının belirlenmesi: Türk ve Amerikan otel yöneticilerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi (Master's thesis, Akdeniz Üniversitesi).
Akyüz, C. (2018). Nesne ilişkileri kuramı çerçevesinden sınır (borderline) kişilik örüntüsüne bakış: vaka örneği ile temel savunma mekanizmalarının yorumlanması. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(3),
Arık, F. & Arık, I. A. (2016). Grounded teori metodolojisi ve Türkiye’de grounded teori çalışmaları. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (58), 285-309.
Auerbach, C.F. and Silverstein, L.B. (2003). Qualitative Data: An Inroduction to Coding and Analysis. USA: New York University Press.
Bayley N. (1969) Bayley scales of infant development. New York: The psychological corporation. New York
Buss A. H. & Plomin R. (1984) Temperament: early developing personality traits. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Callueng, C. & Oakland, T. (2014). If you do not know the child’s temperaments you do not know the child. Estudes de Psicologial Campinas, 31(1), 3-13. doi.org/10.1590/0103-166X2014000100001
Carey W. B. (2009). Normal Individual Differences in Temperament and Behavioral Adjustment. In Carey WB, Crocker AC, Coleman WL, Elias ER, Feldman HM eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier
Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded Theory: Objectivist and Constructivist Methods. In Handbook of Qualitative Research, Eds.: Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln Y.S. Sage Publications, Thousands Oaks, CA.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London, UK: Sage Publications.
Charmaz, K. (2009). Shifting the Grounds: Constructivist Grounded Theory Methods. Developing Grounded Thory Second Generation, ss.127-147, Ed: Morse, M. J. Left Coast Press. Walnur Greek, Left Coast Press Inc, CA.
Charmaz, K. and Bryant, A. (2007). Grounded Theory in Historical Perspective: An Epistemological Account. Handbook of Grounded Theory, ss. 30- 52, Eds: Bryant, A. and Charmaz, K., Sage Publications, London.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün ve S.B. Demir, Çev. ) Ankara: Siyasal.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Beş Nitel Araştırma Yaklaşımı İçinde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni, çev. M. Bütün, SB Demir (Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara).
Çakır, K., &, Şen, E. (2012). Psikolojik doğum sırasına göre adil dünya inancı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(32), 57-69.
Çam, O. & Keskin, G. (2007). Bağlanma sürecinin ergen açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (2) , 159-172. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egehemsire/issue/49599/635612
Çınarbaş, D. C., & Nilüfer, G. (2019). Adler ve Sulloway'in Doğum Sırası Kuramları ve Görgül Bulgular İle İlgili Bir Derleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 59(1), 125-151.
Davey, S. J., Dziurawiec, S., & O Brien-Malone, A. (2006). Men’s voices: Postnatal depression from the perspective of male partners. Qualitative Health Research, 16, 206-220. doi:10.1177/1049732305281950
Eddy, B., Poll, V., Whiting, J., & Clevesy, M. (2019). Forgotten fathers: Postpartum depression in men. Journal of Family Issues, 40(8), 1001-1017.
Glaser, B. (1992). Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis, Mill Valley, The Sociology Press, CA.
Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity, The Sociology Press, Mill Valley, CA
Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Aldine de Gruyter, New York
Glaser, B.G & Strauss, A. (2012). The Discovery of Grounded theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (7th Paperback Edition), USA: Aldine Transaction.
Heath, H. and Cowley, S. (2004). Developing A Grouned Theory Approach: A Comparison of Glaser and Strauss. International Journal of Nursing Studies, ss.141-150. Pergamon.
Ilgar, M. Z., Ilgar, S. C. (2013). Nitel bir araştırma deseni olarak gömülü teori (temellendirilmiş kuram). İZÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 197-247.
Kagan, J. (1997). Temperament and the reactions to unfamiliarity. Child development, 68(1), 139-143.doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01931.x
Kagan, J. (2010). The temperamental thread: How genes, culture, time, and luck make us who we are. Dana Press.
Kernberg, O. (2004). Aggressivity, Narcissism, and Self-Destructiveness in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: New Developments in the Psychopathology and Psychotherapy of Severe Personality Disorders. Nev Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and Nurturing: Parenting in the Context of Child Temperament. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 251–301. doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0093-4
Kristal J. (2005). The temperament perspective: Working with children’s behavioral styles. Michigan (USA): Paul H Brooks Publishing
Lin, X. (2021). Exploratory study on key influencing factors of successful implementation of ERP system based on the perspective of grounded theory. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1941, No. 1, p. 012008). IOP Publishing.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Baverly Hills. CA: Sage
LoBue, V. (2019). Shyness: What Makes Some Children Shy. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-baby-scientist/201910/what-makes-some-children-shy
Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Desen ve Uygulama İçin Bir Rehber (3 b.). (S. Turan, Çev.) Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Nishimura, A., & Ohashi, K. (2010). Risk factors of paternal depression in the early postnatal period in Japan. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12, 170-176. doi:10.1111/ j.1442 2018.2010.00513.x
Özdemir, O., Özdemir, P. G., Kadak, M. T., & Nasıroğlu, S. (2012). Kişilik gelişimi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(4), 566-589.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (M. Bütün, S. B. Demir, Çev.Ed) Ankara: Pegem.
Paulson, J. F., & Bazemore, S. D. (2010). Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 1961-1969. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.605
Peker, H. (2013). Din Psikolojisi, Çamlıca Yayınları, İstanbul
Plomin, R. & Dunn, J. (Eds.). (1986). The study of temperament: Changes, continuities and challenges. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ramchandani, P. G., Stein, A., O’Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Murray, L., & Evans, J. (2008). Depression in men in the postnatal period and later child psychopathology: A population cohort study. Journal of American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 390-398 doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429c2
Rothbart MK. (1989). Biological processes in temperament. In Kohnstamm, Bates JE, Rothbart MK eds. Temperament in childhood. Chichester (UK): Wiley
Saldaña, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researcher. London: Sage.
Saldaña, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE.
Sanson A, Hemphill SA, Smart D. (2004). Connections between Temperament and Social Development: A Review. Social Development; 13(1):142-70.
Sarı, B. A. (2018). Mizaç özellikleri ve gelişime etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Child Psychiatry-Special Topics, 4(1), 5-9.
Sarı, B. A. (2018). Mizaç özellikleri ve gelişime etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Child Psychiatry-Special Topics, 4(1), 5-9.
Sejourne, N. N., Vaslot, V. V., Beaume, M. M., Goutaudier, N. N., & Chabrol, H. H. (2012). The impact of paternity leave and paternal involvement in child care on maternal postpartum depression. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology, 30, 135-144. doi:10.1080/02646838.2012.693155
Slagt, M., Dubas, J. S., Deković, M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2016). Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 1068–1110. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000061
Spradley James P. 1979 The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston
Straus, M. A. (1987). A sociological perspective on the prevention and treatment of wife beating. In Roy, M. (ed.), Battered Women, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative Analiysis For Social Scientists, Cambridge University Press, New York
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research : Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (2 ed.). Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications.
Strauss, A.L. (2003). Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists (Paperback Edition). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Thornberg, R. and Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded Theory. In Qualitative Research: An Introduction to Methods and Designs. Eds.: Lapan, S.D., Quartaroli, M.T. and Riemer, F. J., Publisher: Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Tüzün, O., & Sayar, K. (2006). Bağlanma kuramı ve psikopatoloji. Düşünen Adam, 19(1), 24-39. 1-20.
Vänskä, M., Punamäki, R.-L., Lindblom, J., Flykt, M., Tolvanen, A., Unkila-Kallio, L., . . . Tiitinen, A. (2017). Parental pre-and postpartum mental health predicts child mental health and development. Family Relations, 66, 497-511. doi:10.1111/fare.12260
Zembat, R., Koçyiğit, S., Yavuz, E. A., & Tunçeli, H. İ. (2018). Çocukların benlik algısı, mizaç ve sosyal becerileri arasındaki ilişkiler. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 7(1), 548-567.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Vakkas YALÇIN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
