Impak Kedatangan Kuasa Kolonial Barat terhadap Geopolitik Malaysia dari Abad ke-15 hingga Abad ke-20
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/perspektif.vol15.sp.8.2023Keywords:
kesultanan Melaka, Portugis, Belanda, British, geopolitik, MalaysiaAbstract
Kajian ini membincangkan impak kuasa kolonial Barat terhadap geopolitik Malaysia dari abad ke-15 hingga abad ke-20. Kolonialisasi Barat di Tanah Melayu bermula dengan kedatangan kuasa Portugis yang berjaya menguasai Melaka pada tahun 1511. Pada tahun 1641, pendudukan ke atas Melaka beralih kepada Belanda apabila berjaya mengalahkan Portugis. Namun, pada tahun 1824, perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda telah dimeterai menyebabkan Melaka diserahkan kepada British. Walau bagaimanapun, penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu telah pun bermula sejak tahun 1786 apabila Francis Light mengambil alih Pulau Pinang. British kemudiannya mengukuhkan kuasa di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu melalui penubuhan Negeri-Negeri Selat (NNS), Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu (NNMB) dan Negeri-Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu (NNMTB). Pendudukan Jepun pada tahun 1942 telah mengganggu kawalan British ke atas Tanah Melayu. Namun pengunduran Jepun pada tahun 1945 menyebabkan Tanah Melayu diambil alih semula oleh British melalui Pentadbiran Tentera British (PTM) seterusnya Malayan Union (MU) dan akhirnya membentuk Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (PTM) pada tahun 1948. Dasar dekolonialisasi Barat dan kesedaran bangsa-bangsa di kawasan Asia-Afrika telah menamatkan penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos 1957 serta merintis jalan kepada pembentukan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen ke atas sumber primer yang diperoleh daripada Arkib Sabah. Selain itu, penyelidikan kepustaakaan turut digunakan dengan merujuk kepada sumber sekunder seperti buku dan jurnal di Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah serta Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kota Kinabalu. Berdasarkan analisis dokumen yang telah diperolehi, dapatan kajian mendapati kedatangan kolonial Barat ke Malaysia sejak abad ke-15 hingga abad ke-20 mempunyai impak signifikan dalam geopolitik Malaysia terutamanya berhubung pertikaian wilayah dengan negara jiran seperti Filipina, Indonesia, Singapura, Brunei dan Thailand. Justeru, kajian ini penting bagi mewujudkan masyarakat yang cakna terhadap isu-isu pertikaian yang dihadapi Malaysia kini.
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