Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani

The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Versus Foam Roller as Recovery Modalities on Muscular Power Output

Jamalludin Mohamed — 2024-09-09

This research aimed to determine and compare the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) versus foam rolling on muscular power output. Sixteen kayak sprint (n=16) athletes were involved in this research. All the participants underwent both interventions (traditional and modern-technological based methods) on different days. All the participants were required to perform 10 repetitions of squat jump as a pre-test, then 1 minute of body weight squat as a training. After that, participants need to recover using the recovery methods in different session. Then, a post-test was done to compare and determine the results. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean and standard deviation and paired T-Test was used to compare the effect of both interventions. Pearson correlation and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used to determine validity and reliability of squat jump test protocol on power development. There were significant differences found in the kinetics and kinematics performance in term of power produced during squat jump (p < 0.05) using foam roller. Both interventions reported high correlation between jump height and force and power produced during squat jump performance; foam roller (p = 0.000, r = 1.00) while TENS (p = 0.000, r = 1.00) but less reliable in foam roller compared to TENS; force (foam roller, ICC = 0.47; TENS, ICC = 0.80) and power (foam roller, ICC = 0.48; TENS, ICC = 0.88). This is probably due to the limitation of participants, the effectiveness of the foam roller and insufficient lack of rest intervals. As a conclusion, foam rollers revealed a significant effect on kinematics and kinetics performance during squat jump and researchers recommended and suggested that foam rollers are more practical due to being affordable and easy to carry. Future research is needed for reliable and accurate markers for performance and recovery.

The Level of Motivation Towards Physical Activity Class among Physical and Health Education Students in UiTM Puncak Alam

Syed Muhammad Farhan — 2024-09-10

This research investigates the motivation levels of university students enrolled in physical activity classes, focusing on the Department of Physical and Health Education at UiTM Puncak Alam in Selangor. The study addresses four primary research questions: (I) What is the level of motivation among university students in physical activity classes? (II) What strategies can be implemented to enhance motivation in physical activity classes among university students? (III) What is the relationship between motivation levels and strategies to enhance motivation in physical activity classes? (IV) Are there differences in motivation levels in physical activity classes between men and women? By examining these questions, this research seeks to uncover factors that either contribute to or hinder students' motivation in physical activity classes within a university setting. The findings indicate that university students generally exhibit a high level of motivation in physical activity classes, highlighting the potential for educational institutions to leverage this motivation for long-term health benefits. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of universities providing support and encouragement for physical activity through the availability of on-campus sports facilities. The data were collected from 165 students from the physical and health education department in UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor. One instrument was used in this research to collect the data. Questionnaires were used to identify the students’ motivation level in physical activity class and strategies used by the lecturers during the class. The results of this study add value to our understanding of the subject matter and have important implications for the education sector, particularly in enhancing teaching methodologies. The study's insights provide valuable guidance for optimizing the teaching and learning of Physical Education within academic settings.

Reactive Agility Tests for Team Contact Sports: A Systematic Review

Fitry Azrul Nor Saafri — 2024-09-10

In team sports performance evaluation, reactive agility is one of the important factors that is able to discriminate the performance between elite and amateur athletes from their knowledge and expertise in the sports. Athletes in team sports should be able to adapt the real game situations and quickly plan their movement and action. In this sense, there is a growing number of interests in the factors influencing reactive agility performance due to training strategies and suitable training protocols. Therefore, this systematic literature review was carried out to summarize literature on reactive agility test (RAT) for team contact sports and offer sport coaches the best recommendations to develop and assess the agility quality of their athletes. An electronic database search was conducted to gather literature involving reactive agility tests used for discriminating skilled and less skilled athletes, irrespective of the design protocols. This is because, physical qualities are not the only factors that could differentiate an athlete’s skill level, but also cognitive qualities or decision-making ability. After filtration, only 12 articles from over the past decade were found to meet the inclusion criteria for valid RAT. From this study, three RAT designs, namely VRAT (a live-size video projection of an opponent), LSRAT (an in-situ live-size stimulus design), and LIRAT (a light stimulus design) were identified. All the three RAT designs were able to discriminate skilled and less skilled athletes and were more reliable in testing the athletes’ agility compared to pre-planned agility tests. Therefore, the athletes’ perception and response time could be improved using sport specific reactive agility testing. For future research, more complex and specific environments that challenge the athletes’ performance should be considered.

The Relationship between Coaching Leadership Styles and Athletes’ Satisfaction among Karisma Athletes at Uitm Perlis

Siti Hannariah Mansor — 2024-09-10

Coaching is the term for team leadership in sports, and it is essential to achieving and maintaining high levels of athletic success and athlete satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the athletes' preferences for their coaches' coaching leadership style as well as the athletes' satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaching leadership styles and athletes’ satisfaction in the University Sport Carnival. 164 athletes involved in the university sport carnival known as KARISMA 2022 from UiTM Perlis were selected to participate in this study. The questionnaires entitled Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) and Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) have been used for this study. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 27 software was used to analyze the data that had been collected. Descriptive statistic was used to identify the leadership styles preferred by the KARISMA 2022 athletes from UiTM Perlis. Meanwhile, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between coach leadership styles and athlete satisfaction among the KARISMA 2022 athletes of UiTM Perlis. Based on the result, the KARISMA 2022 athletes from UiTM Perlis preferred the "positive feedback" leadership style with the highest mean score (M = 4.45)). The study findings showed a positive significant and moderate relationship between training and instruction (r = 0.657, p<0.01), democratic behaviour (r = 0.533, p<0.01), social support (r = 0.548, p<0.01), and positive feedback (r = 0.575, p<0.01) coach leadership style and athlete satisfaction among KARISMA 2022 athlete of UiTM Perlis. Meanwhile, the result showed a negative significant and low relationship between autocratic behaviour (r = -.189, p>0.015) of leadership style and athlete satisfaction among KARISMA 2022 athletes from UiTM Perlis. The findings of this study provide a wealth of useful information that will be of use to coaches across Malaysia in raising awareness of the significance of coaching leadership style and athlete satisfaction. This study suggest that there are significant relationship between leadership style and athletes satisfaction especially at university sporting context.

The Preliminary Formulation of Zea Mays as Exercise Recovery Gel

Azimah Ahmad — 2024-09-26

Recovery nutrition play an important role in body adaptation towards exercise and sports performance. Combination of different saccharides and amino acid content fasten recovery result which promotes exercise adaptation and prepared athletes’ body for next session of exercise. There are abundant of recovery supplement available but most of it was milk base products which could contribute to lactose intolerance negative effect among consumers. Therefore, Zea mays which is plant based is propose as an alternative food supplement for exercise recovery choices. Zea mays kernel was grind for the juice and homogenized with sugar, fructose, xanthan gum and pectin. The mixture been cook for 20 minutes using double boiler at 95°C. The gel sample then fill in the gel pack and keep at room temperature for shelve live assessment. Proximate analysis showed the presence of sucrose (20.5g/100g), fructose (9.2g/100g) and total carbohydrate is 51.5g/100g. Essential amino acids that presence is arginine (1.75%w/w), histidine (0.52%w/w), isoleucine (0.17%w/w), lysine (0.08%w/w), threonine (0.15%w/w) and valine (0.31%w/w). After 30 days at room temperature, the Zea mays gel showed same texture, colour, smell, and taste. Therefore, the preliminary formulation of Zea mays gel showed a possible innovation for local exercise recovery gel.

Performance Benefits of Carbonated Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse

Muhammad Adi Asymawi Aminuddin — 2024-09-26

A significant amount of research has been done on the benefits of consuming carbohydrates while exercising, especially for longer workouts when endogenous glucose levels are low. Consuming carbonated carbohydrates has the important effect of postponing exhaustion by preventing the body from using up its essential energy supply for activity. It is common knowledge among athletes that impact on the mouth's oral receptors by causing sharpness and acidity could give sensation to the mouthfeel. However, given the nature of the running, for example availability of fluids, it may be difficult for athletes to rehydrate in a true race situation. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to improve extended exercise performance as an alternative to drinking. The fundamental process behind this enhancement has been linked to the stimulation of the brain behavioural centre and oral receptor, which both boost exercise performance and are related to rewards. The efficacy of carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been the subject of several investigations. Even though the results of these trials give strong support for the theory, more research is needed to light on the impact of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on prolonged exercise performance. These concerns include how the carbonated carbohydrate drinks could affect how well mouth rinsing with carbohydrates works for endurance activity.

Efficacy of Abdominal Hollowing Versus Abdominal Bracing on Balance and Functional Disability among Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: An Article Review

Hilwa Zamani — 2024-09-26

Non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP), which affects 80% to 90% of adults, presents symptoms without a clearly identifiable source. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of abdominal hollowing versus abdominal bracing exercises on balance and functional disability in NSCLBP patients. A systematic search was conducted using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, covering literature from 2006 to 2023. Out of 30 identified articles, only 4 met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results suggest that both abdominal bracing and abdominal hollowing exercises can improve balance and functional disability in NSCLBP patients. Functional disability improvements were associated with pain reduction, while dynamic balance was enhanced through core stability exercises, likely due to the preferential activation of core muscles following training adaptations, which reduces abnormal lumbar motion. However, the impact on static balance was not significant, indicating it may not be a useful outcome measure for NSCLBP in relation to these exercises.

Mental Health Levels among Chinese College Bridge Athletes

Ziwei Wu — 2024-09-27

Bridge is an intellectual sport that helps to develop the ability to analyze logic and teamwork, and is well developed in Chinese colleges. This study aimed to explore the mental health level and influencing factors of Chinese college bridge athletes. This study was conducted on athletes who participated in the 2023 Chinese College Bridge Championships (N=210). The analysis showed that the lowest SCL-90 score of the athletes was 90, the highest score was 277, and the mean score was 125.76 ± 34.91. There were significant differences in the scores of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (p < 0.01), Depression (p < 0.05), and Phobic Anxiety (p < 0.05) factors of the athletes of different genders, and the findings showed males were better than females. Athletes of different ages showed significant differences in OCD factor scores (p < 0.05), with higher ages having better mental health. There was a significant difference between athletes with different levels of education in the OCD and Interpersonal Sensitivity factor scores (p < 0.05), with no difference between the Bachelor’s and Master’s groups. However, the PhD group had significantly better mental health. There was a significant difference in the OCD and Phobic Anxiety factor scores among athletes with different years of training (p < 0.05), and the higher the training years, the better the mental health status. There were no significant differences in mental health scores between athletes with different levels of participations and skill levels, however LSD two-by-two comparisons showed that athletes’ mental health improved as the number of participations increased. Overall, the older the age, the longer the training time, and the greater the number of participants, the better the mental health of the athletes. In addition, athletes scored higher in the three factors of Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder, Other Factors, and Interpersonal Sensitivity, which need to be attended to by Chinese college bridge practitioners.

Science And Recreation in UITM Seremban

Nurul Ain Abu Kasim — 2024-10-17

Food is one of human beings' most basic requirements, as it provides both required and non-essential nutrients to the body. However, a person's eating habits can be influenced by several things, such as their physical health, financial circumstances, and environment. Food insecurity, a severe public health issue, is the inability to access wholesome food in a way that is safe and acceptable to society. While food insecurity is a nutritional state that influences diet and body weight, it also holds consequences for psychological well-being and has been linked to a rise in mental illness. The purpose of this study is to identify food insecurity and mental health in addition to investigate the relationship between these two among recreational athletes’ food insecurity and mental health among students of Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation in UiTM Seremban. A total of 112 respondents participated in completing the survey. The respondents were made up of female 50% (N = 56) and male 50% (N=56). The age of respondents is 18 – 20 years old 19.6% (N=22), 24 to 26 years old 4.5.7% (N=5) and above than 26 years old 0.3% (N=1). The survey was getting its respond highest from students aged 21 to 23 years old 77.7% (N=87). There were 112 respondents who took part and the results of the respondent’s food insecurity level show that majority 54.5% were food secure (N=61), 29.5% were in moderate food insecure (N=33) and 16.1% were in food insecure category (N=18). The result showed there were no association between food insecurity and mental health domains among students of FSR between all variables. Overall, the present take into consideration of its limitation to better fine-tune the result.

Differences of Attacking Shots Percentage Between Winners and Losers Among Elite Lawn Bowlers in Selected Matches

Daeng Dhadyry Dahasry — 2024-10-19

Lawn Bowls is a game that takes a short time to learn but a lifetime to be an expert and master. This sport requires consistency, accuracy, focus, and precision the aim is to be as close as possible to the jack. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in attacking shots percentage between winners and losers among world-class lawn bowlers. 14 games were analysed which makes (n=28) data collected for this study. Group one was the winner of the match (n=14) and another group was the loser in the match (n=14). All data for 14 games were collected based on 6 types of shots in lawn bowls. The first type is defending shots (draw and position) while the second type is attacking shots (trail, tap and lie, running and drive). Data analyses were conducted after all the data had been collected. Independent T-tests were used to analyze the attacking shots percentage, defending shots percentage, and total shots percentage which indicates the whole game's performance. Results showed that there were significant differences in attacking shots percentage, defending shots percentage, and total shots percentage between winners and losers among world-class lawn bowlers. Findings show that winners have a higher percentage compared to losers which means that attacking shots thus help a player to win a lawn bowls match.

A Study on the Correlation Between Physical Activities and the Development of Learning Behaviors in Lower Primary School Students

Yan Qiu Gao — 2024-10-19

With the continuous development of the society, physical education for junior students has been paid attention to by the state, and physical activity as an important part of physical education has also undoubtedly been paid high attention to. Physical education is an important part of physical education, and as such, it has been given high priority. Lower primary students are at a critical stage in their physical growth, and it is also an important time for them to develop good learning behaviors.From the starting point of sports activities, to explore its impact on the learning behaviour of primary school students, which is worthy of attention and research, this paper takes the lower primary school students as the research object, studies the characteristics of students' sports behaviour and learning behaviour, through the combination of questionnaire surveys and empirical research, to explore the correlation between the lower primary school students' sports activities and their learning behaviors.Through the "Questionnaire on the Basic Situation of Physical Activity for Lower Primary School Students", we understand the current frequency, preferences, concerns and knowledge of physical activity of lower primary school students, and design a scientific and reasonable physical activity teaching plan according to the research results, and prepare the "Questionnaire on the Current Situation of Learning Behaviour of Lower Primary School Students" by combining the existing literature and experts' interviews to measure the learning behaviour of primary school students in five dimensions of classroom attitudes, independent learning, disciplinary performance, learning mentality and cooperation awareness. The questionnaire measures the learning behaviour of primary school students in five dimensions: attitude to class, independent learning, disciplinary performance, learning mindset and cooperation awareness. The learning behaviors of the lower primary students in the experimental and control groups were measured before and after the 3-month intervention period, and the changes in students' behaviors under the conditions of the physical education practice activities were counted. It was found that the intervention content had a significant effect on the development of learning behaviour in the experimental group, especially in the areas of independent learning, discipline and cooperation. It was found that the students in the experimental group basically developed good learning behaviors.