The post-activation potentiation Effect on Sprint and Jumping Performance among Collegiate Rugby Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol12.2.7.2023Keywords:
squat, post activation potentiation, sprint, jumpingAbstract
Post activation potentiation (PAP) is a condition by which the force exerted by a muscle is increased due to its previous contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heavy back squats and heavy front squats on the average speed and jumping performance. Fifteen collegiate rugby players voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly assigned to two intervention groups, back squat (BS) and front squat (FS). The experiment consists of 1RM back squat determination and completed four experimental trials within five different days with at least 48 hours rest between sessions. The heavy back squat (BS) and heavy front squat (FS) interventions consisted of performing back or front squat with 60%, 50% and 70% of the subject’s 1 repetition maximum after dynamic warm up. The sprint trials were performed 4 minutes after completing the heavy back and front squat intervention, while the jumping trials were performed 5 minutes after both interventions. Results showed no significant difference in sprint times for both interventions, but there is a significant increase in jumping performance after heavy back squat intervention. The main findings are that the interventions Although this study failed to show any significant differences between these two interventions, the results showed that both exercises can still give benefit and improvement to the athletes. Future investigations should considered other factors such as intensity of the exercise, recovery time, and movement that mimic to the performance of the athletes to utilize this post-activation potentiation phenomenon.
Downloads
References
Arabatzi, F., Patikas, D., Zafeiridis, A., Giavroudis, K., Kannas, T., Gourgoulis, V., & Kotzamanidis, C. M. (2014). The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance: Age and Sex Effect. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1123/PES.2013-0052
De Hoyo, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Sanudo, B., Carrascal, C., Plaza-Armas, J. R., Camacho-Candil, F., & Otero-Esquina, C. (2016). Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001094
De Luca, C. J., & Hostage, E. C. (2010). Relationship Between Firing Rate and Recruitment Threshold of Motoneurons in Voluntary Isometric Contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 104(2), 1034. https://doi.org/10.1152/JN.01018.2009
De Salles, P., Vasconcellos, F., De Salles, G., Fonseca, R., & Dantas, E. (2012). Validity and reproducibility of the sargent jump test in the assessment of explosive strength in soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10078-012-0050-4
Hanson, E. D., Leigh, S., & Mynark, R. G. (2007). Acute effects of heavy- and light-load squat exercise on the kinetic measures of vertical jumping. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1012–1017. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20716.1
Hester, G. M., Pope, Z. K., Sellers, J. H., Thiele, R. M., & Defreitas, J. M. (2017). Potentiation: Effect of Ballistic and Heavy Exercise on Vertical Jump Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 660–666. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001285
Ito, M., Okamoto, R., Ito, H., Zhe, Y., & Dohi, K. (2022). Regulation of myosin light-chain phosphorylation and its roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Hypertension Research, 45(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41440-021-00733-Y
Lamont, H. S., Cramer, J. T., Bemben, D. A., Shehab, R. L., Anderson, M. A., & Bemben, M. G. (2011). Effects of a 6-week periodized squat training with or without whole-body vibration upon short-term adaptations in squat strength and body composition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1839–1848. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e7ffad
Larson, A., Springall, B., & DeBeliso, M. (2017). The Effects Of A Heavy Resistance Warm-up On Sprint Speed. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(5S), 463. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000518156.90088.16
McBride, J. M., Nimphius, S., & Erickson, T. M. (2005). The acute effects of heavy-load squats and loaded countermovement jumps on sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-16304.1
McCann, M. R., & Flanagan, S. P. (2010). The effects of exercise selection and rest interval on postactivation potentiation of vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1285–1291. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181D6867C
Mitchell, C. J., & Sale, D. G. (2011). Enhancement of jump performance after a 5-RM squat is associated with postactivation potentiation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(8), 1957–1963. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00421-010-1823-X
Roden, D., Lambson, R. B., & DeBeliso, M. (2014). The Effects of a Complex Training Protocol on Vertical Jump Performance in Male High School Basketball Players.
Sale, D. G. (2002). Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30(3), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200207000-00008
Sánchez-Medina, L., Pallarés, J. G., Pérez, C. E., Morán-Navarro, R., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2017). Estimation of Relative Load From Bar Velocity in the Full Back Squat Exercise. Sports Medicine International Open, 1(2), E80. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0043-102933
Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Rodriguez, A., Petisco, C., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Martínez, C., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2018). Effects of Different Post-Activation Potentiation Warm-Ups on Repeated Sprint Ability in Soccer Players from Different Competitive Levels. Journal of Human Kinetics, 61(1), 189. https://doi.org/10.1515/HUKIN-2017-0131
Sañudo, B., de Hoyo, M., Haff, G. G., & Muñoz-López, A. (2020). Influence of Strength Level on the Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following Flywheel and Free Weight Resistance Training. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(24), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/S20247156
Smith, C. E., Hannon, J. C., McGladrey, B., Shultz, B., Eisenman, P., & Lyons, B. (2014). The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance. Human Movement, 15(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.2478/HUMO-2013-0050
Sotiropoulos, K., Smilios, I., Christou, M., Barzouka, K., Spaias, A., Douda, H., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2010). Effects of Warm-Up on Vertical Jump Performance and Muscle Electrical Activity Using Half-Squats at Low and Moderate Intensity. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(2), 326. /pmc/articles/PMC3761727/
Sygulla, K. S., & Fountaine, C. J. (2014). Acute Post-Activation Potentiation Effects in NCAA Division II Female Athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(3), 212. /pmc/articles/PMC4831861/
Till, K. A., & Cooke, C. (2009). The effects of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance of male academy soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1960–1967. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181B8666E
Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 39(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004
Weber, K. R., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., & Zinder, S. M. (2008). Acute effects of heavy-load squats on consecutive squat jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 726–730. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181660899
Yetter, M., & Moir, G. L. (2008a). The acute effects of heavy back and front squats on speed during forty-meter sprint trials. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E31815F958D
Yetter, M., & Moir, G. L. (2008b). The acute effects of heavy back and front squats on speed during forty-meter sprint trials. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E31815F958D
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohd Aizzat Adnan, Fatin Nur Shahira Zamri, Azman Ahmad Tajri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
