The Life of the Indigenous People in West Malaysia: Integration of Orang Asli into Malays
Keywords:
Indigenous People, Orang Asli, West Malaysia, Malays, RuralAbstract
The Orang Asli is one the indigenous community in Malaysia and it is believed that they are the earliest settlers in the country. In most past studies, the Orang Asli were descended from the Hoabinhians, stone toolusing hunter-gatherers who occupied the peninsular Malaysia as early as 11,000 B.C. Today the Orang Asli comprise at least nineteen culturally and linguistically distinct groups (Bellwood 1997). The largest are the Semai, Temiar, Jakun (Orang Hulu), and Temuan. In 2005 they numbered about 140,000, less than 0.5% of the total Malaysian population (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli, 2006). Orang Asli once were thinly scattered throughout the peninsula, but most were pushed back into the interior montane forests as the Malay population grew on the coastal plains and major river valleys. Most Orang Asli still live in rural and remote areas. Until recently they lived by various combinations of hunting, fishing, gathering, swidden farming, aboriculture, and trading forest products. Nowadays land development projects and government programs have turned many into rural peasants or day laborers.
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References
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Jimin Idris, Mohd Tap Salleh, Jailani M. Dom, Abd. Haliam Haji Jawi, dan Md. Razim Shafie, 1983. Planning and Administration of Development Programmes for Tribal Peoples (The Malaysian Setting). Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli.
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......., 1997.' Nutritional Status of Children in Malaysia: Persistence of Old Problems.' Malaysian Journal of Child Health 9: 133-150.
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Malaysian Government, 1982. Malaysia: Federal Constitution. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Government.
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Mohd Tap bin Salleh, 1990. An Examination of Development Planning among the Rural Orang Asli of West Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation., University of Bath.
Rashid Yusof,1999. 'Large Areas of Orang Asli Land To Be Gazetted.' New Straits Times. May 10.
Sothi Rachagan, S, 1990. 'Constitutional and Statutory Provisions Governing the Orang Asli. 'In Tribal Peoples and Development in Southeast Asia, edited by L. T. Ghee and A.G. Gomes, 101-111. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Malaya.
Todd, Halinah, 1990. 'Stolen Birthright: Orang Asli Rapidly Losing Land.' Utusan Konsumer 206: 9-12.
Williams-Hunt, T. & Has-an Mat Nor, 1993. The orang Asli of Malaysia in the wider National Order, paper presented at International Seminar on Indigenous People 1993, 29 Nov — I Dec. 1993, Kuala Lumpur.
Bellwood, P. , 1997. Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago. Revised edition. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
Berita Harian, 1993. "265 Pegawai Agama Bimbing Orang Asli." July 24, 1993.
Carey, Iskandar, 1976. Orang Asli: The Aboriginal Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Dentan, R.K., 1997. "The Persistence of Received Truth: How the Malaysian Ruling Class Constructs the Orang Asli." In Indigenous Peoples and the State: Politics, Land, and Ethnicity in the Malayan Peninsular and Borneo, edited by R.L. Winzeler, 98134. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.
Dentan, RK., 2001. 'A Vision of Modernization : An Article on a Drawing by Bah Rmpent, Child of the Sengoi Semah, a Traditionally Nonviolent Indigenous People of the Malaysian Peninsula.' Antrophology and Humanism 26(1) :3-15.
de Paul, V., 1995. 'Better Education for Orang Asli'. New Straits Times. February 15.
Endicott, K. & Dentan, K, 2004. Ethnocide Malaysian Style: Turning Aborigines into Malays in Legislating Modernity, C. Duncan, ed. Cornell University Press.
Hasan Mat Nor, 1991. Orang Asli dan Dasar Tanah: Tinjauan Awal di Tapah, Perak. Akademika, Vol. 38. 105 -120.
Ikram Jamaludin, 1997. Kenyataan Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli Malaysia pada Perjumpaan dengan Wakil-Wakil Media Massa pada 31 11b. Oktober, 1997. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal orang Asli.
Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli or JHEOA, 1983. Strategi Perkembangan Ugama Islam di Kalangan Masyarakat Orang Asli. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli.
Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli or JHEOA, 1991. Ringkasan Program. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli.
Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli or JHEOA, 2006. Orang Asli di Malaysia, http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Orang Asli di Malaysia, 10/13/2006.
Jimin Idris, Mohd Tap Salleh, Jailani M. Dom, Abd. Haliam Haji Jawi, dan Md. Razim Shafie, 1983. Planning and Administration of Development Programmes for Tribal Peoples (The Malaysian Setting). Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli.
Juli, Edo, 1991. 'Pendidikan'. In Pembangunan Orang Asli dalam Konteks Wawasan 2020, edited by I. Wali et al., 17-23. Kuala Lumpur: Jawatankuasa POASM dan Senator Orang Asli.
Kementrian Pelajaran Malaysia, 2005. Pembangunan Pendidikan 2001 — 2010. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Khor Geok Lin, 1994. 'Resettlement and Nutritional Implications: The Case of Orang Asli in Regroupment Schemes'. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2:123-132.
......., 1997.' Nutritional Status of Children in Malaysia: Persistence of Old Problems.' Malaysian Journal of Child Health 9: 133-150.
Lim Hock Chye, 1984. 'On the Way to a Better Future. ' Malay Mail. July 28,1986. 'Problems in their Education'. July 28.
Malaysian Government, 1982. Malaysia: Federal Constitution. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Government.
Malaysian Government, 1994. Akta Orang Asli 1954 / Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 (with all amendments up to June 1994). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Government.
Mohd Tap bin Salleh, 1990. An Examination of Development Planning among the Rural Orang Asli of West Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation., University of Bath.
Rashid Yusof,1999. 'Large Areas of Orang Asli Land To Be Gazetted.' New Straits Times. May 10.
Sothi Rachagan, S, 1990. 'Constitutional and Statutory Provisions Governing the Orang Asli. 'In Tribal Peoples and Development in Southeast Asia, edited by L. T. Ghee and A.G. Gomes, 101-111. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Malaya.
Todd, Halinah, 1990. 'Stolen Birthright: Orang Asli Rapidly Losing Land.' Utusan Konsumer 206: 9-12.
Williams-Hunt, T. & Has-an Mat Nor, 1993. The orang Asli of Malaysia in the wider National Order, paper presented at International Seminar on Indigenous People 1993, 29 Nov — I Dec. 1993, Kuala Lumpur.
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Published
2006-11-30
How to Cite
Kamaruddin, K. (2006). The Life of the Indigenous People in West Malaysia: Integration of Orang Asli into Malays. Jurnal Peradaban Melayu, 4, 77–92. Retrieved from https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPM/article/view/3221
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