GEOGRAFI

Bangladesh's Labour Migration Practices: Government's Unjustified Priority for Out-Migrants (Expatriates) rather than Pre- and Post-Migrants – An Analytical Study Over Cumilla, Bangladesh

A. Z. M. Shoeb, Yasir Jawwad Shoeb, MD. Enamul Huq — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of the article is to refine and shape the government policy of Bangladesh so that the country can exist in the competitive world labour market and earn much foreign remittances. This article would find out the ideal attitudes and policies for the three categories of migrants: pre-migrants, out-migrants and post-migrants for the consideration of the concerned ministry of Bangladesh. For this article, empirical data has been collected from the survey area. This survey was conducted over Chandina Upazila of Cumilla district in August, 2019 through a structured questionnaire. This paper will investigate the capabilities and backgrounds of those three categories of migrants on seven criteria: age, education, language-efficiency, trade-skills, bank account experience, familiarity with insurance policy and leave-before profession at place of origin. Then the data-set has been input in the SPSS programme for analysis. Due to the government policies regarding labour migration at the place of destination, e.g. Gulf States, the three categories of migrants are significantly influenced. As the government, surprisingly, has no minimum ceiling of education and age for probable male migrants abroad, the pre-migrant category is not encouraged to enrich their minimum literacy and hardly wait for maturity up to 21 years of age fixed by the government. Henceforth, the successful out-migrants are mostly teen-agers, less educated, and unskilled. Moreover, as per government policy, the post-migrant category is not cared much after coming back from abroad and this category cannot settle down smoothly with their money and foreign experience. In means that the government gives utmost importance to out-migrants, a little for post-migrants and a very little for pre-migrant categories. How ever, the pre-migration scenarios take place earlier than out-migration or post-migration. The article could show the government how to set up acceptable criteria by which pre-migrants would feel pressure to become educated and skilled before overseas employment. Due to efficient policies, a huge number of less-skilled and unskilled labourers will have become unable to migrate and the more literate cum skilled people will be able to come in the front-line for overseas migration. The contribution of the study is two folds. First, it contributes to improve policy making of the Bangladesh government by giving equal importance for all the three categories of migrants or the best one is to give much priority to the pre-migrants and second, to post-migrants and out-migrants.

The Acquisition of Systems Thinking Competence through Geography Teaching

Nik Mohd Zaki Nik Mohamed, Abdul Talib Mohamed Hashim — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This quasi-experimental study aims to determine the effect of an inquiry-based learning approach (IBL) on the acquisition of system thinking competence. The sample of 133 form one students in three schools in Batang Padang District, Perak selected by purposive sampling based on the rationale of the 'intact group'. Two experimental groups received IBL interventions and IBL with the infusion of local knowledge (IBL-LK) and a control group through traditional teaching. ANOVA results found a significant difference, p<0.05 in the acquisition of spatial competence [F(2,127)=18.82] and cultural competence [F(2,127)=3.78]. For temporal competence from the dimension of future thinking, only the concept related to creating a vision for the future was found to be significantly different found in the IBL-LK group. From the aspect of disciplinary competence, only the IBL-LK group showed the ability to make a balanced connection or relationship between all dimensions of development. From a practical point of view, this study contributes to the determination of key competencies relevant for sustainable development that are adapted according to orientation, focus and needs in school geography subjects. This study has also given some recommendations for the selection of local knowledge that is appropriate according to the learning topic. The implication is that inquiry teaching with the infusion of local knowledge is highly proposed as the teaching model for school geography subjects to develop system thinking competence more effectively.

UPSI Geography Trainee Teachers' Understanding, Approaches, and Impacts of Teaching Students Through Games-Based Learning (GBL)

Auni Iwani Anuar, Fauziah Che Leh — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to analyze the understanding, approach, and teaching impact of UPSI geography trainee teachers through game-based learning (GBL). A quantitative approach with the design of the study instrument using a questionnaire was used in this study. The study sample consisted of 45 trainee teachers from the eighth semester of the Bachelor of Geography Education Programme who had implemented teaching training 1 and 2 and were willing to be study respondents. The study used descriptive statistical analysis (frequency, mean, percentage, and standard deviation) to answer each study question. The findings showed that the level of understanding of Games Based Learning (GBL) teaching was at a moderate level (M=3.62, SP=.56), GBL teaching strategies were at a low level (M=1.02, SP=.07) and the positive and negative effects of GBL teaching methods on students were at a moderate level (M=3.40, SP=.55). In conclusion, this study shows that Geography trainee teachers have a good level of understanding, strategies, and impact on teaching related to Games Based Learning (GBL), but do not practice it in their daily teaching. This shows that the exposure and application of Games Based Learning (GBL) teaching through education during teaching training has not brought about change, although it can help and facilitate trainee teachers when evaluating and delivering teacher teaching in the classroom. The implications of this study can be used by the Ministry of Education Malaysia and schools in formulating effective teaching techniques for students and helping to improve Games Based Learning (GBL) teaching methods among teachers in schools in line with the goals and aspirations of students in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025.

The Effectiveness of Malaysia's Climate Change Policy: An Analysis of the Performance of Low Carbon Development Implementation (2010-2020)

Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines Malaysia's response to the challenges of climate change after a decade of implementation of the National Climate Change Policy. The evaluation of the effectiveness of Malaysia's Climate Change Policy is still lacking in identifying the shortcomings of a policy to serve as a reference for the formulation of new policies, especially those related to climate change policies in Malaysia. Through the analysis of secondary data from government reports, scholarly publications, and international data sources, the study aims to assess Malaysia's success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, raising public awareness, and adapting to climate change. By using a document analysis approach, the study found that there has been an increase in emissions from several sectors, but there has been significant progress in reducing emissions through renewable energy initiatives and energy efficiency policies. The results of this study show that Malaysia's Climate Change Policy has strengthened the country's ability to adapt to climate change. However, there is still room for improvement in integrating more effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. The implications of this study are important for the development of knowledge and the formulation of public policies that are more responsive to global and local climate change challenges. The study recommends that Malaysia continue to scale up mitigation and adaptation efforts, with a focus on improving the efficiency of resource use and the application of environmentally friendly technologies to support sustainable and low-carbon development.

Application of Elements of Creativity and Innovation in the Teaching of Secondary School Geography in Malaysia

Flora , Fauziah Che Leh — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the extent of the application of Cross-Curriculum Elements (EMK) in the teaching of secondary school Geography subjects in Malaysia. There are 10 elements that need to be implemented in the teaching and learning process and one of them is the element of creativity and innovation that is the focus of this study. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey design through questionnaire distribution. The sample of the study consisted of 109 Geography teachers who answered questions through a questionnaire and distributed via Google Forms. Descriptive analysis (frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation) is used to answer each study question. The findings showed that teacher perception (M=3.53, SP=.324), teacher adoption level (M=3.12, SP=.482) and teacher challenge (M=3.36, SP=.391) are at a high level. The results of this study show that teachers who teach Geography subjects have knowledge and skills in integrating EMK of creativity and innovation in teaching. The results of the study also show that teachers apply EMK of creativity and innovation in the teaching and learning process despite dealing with various challenges. The implications of the study show that the Ministry of Education Malaysia needs to create a variety of creative and innovative teaching courses to provide knowledge and exposure to teachers to form a quality education system and on par with the education of developed countries.

Rural Communities in the Small-Scale Agriculture Sector: Adaptations and Experiences in Navigating The COVID-19 Pandemic

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the economic and social well-being of communities globally in various aspects, including rural communities involved in the small-scale agriculture sector. This study aims to assess how rural communities in the small-scale agriculture sector are adapting and overcoming the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identify lessons that can be learned from them to be paid attention to in planning for rural development and the future agricultural sector. This study is a quantitative study that uses a survey study design. The data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 72 heads of households directly involved in the smallholder agriculture sector in two villages located in rural Sabah. The findings of the study found that respondents faced difficult situations such as limited access to the market and agricultural products that could not be marketed. In addition, it was found that there was also a surplus and wastage of agricultural products, disruptions in the food supply chain and abandoned crops. However, the study also found that respondents used various strategies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the main ones are exploring potential alternative marketing channels, exploring new agricultural areas and restoring old abandoned agricultural areas, processing surplus agricultural products, practicing the exchange of agricultural products with neighbours and reducing movement to the garden by spending the night in the garden. In line with the findings of the study, it is important for the government to work hand in hand with rural communities and the private sector to develop a systematic distribution and marketing network system for agricultural products in rural areas, emphasizing efforts to strengthen the reach of rural communities to basic infrastructure, increasing the coverage of digital technology, and establishing centers of agricultural product processing activities in rural areas. encourage diversification of the agricultural economy, strengthen social support systems and foster human resource development. This effort is important in efforts to increase the resilience of rural communities in the face of pandemics such as COVID-19 in the future.